2B. Regulatory Signs, Barricades, and Gates

§2B.01 Application of Regulatory Signs

Standard

01. Regulatory signs shall be used to inform road users of selected traffic laws or regulations and to indicate the applicability of the legal requirements.

02. Regulatory signs shall be installed at or near where the regulations apply. The signs shall clearly indicate the requirements imposed by the regulations and shall be designed and installed to provide adequate visibility and legibility in order to obtain compliance.

03. Regulatory signs shall be retroreflective or illuminated (see Section 2A.21).

04. Traffic control device related orders, ordinances and resolutions by local authorities which affect State highways shall be approved by Caltrans.

Support

05. Signs required for enforcement are normally placed by, and at the expense of, the authority establishing the regulation.

06. Refer to CVC § 21461 for failure to obey a regulatory sign.

§2B.02 Design of Regulatory Signs

Standard

01. Regulatory signs shall be rectangular unless specifically designated otherwise in this Manual. Regulatory signs shall be designed in accordance with the sizes, shapes, colors, and legends contained in the “Standard Highway Signs” publication and Caltrans’ California Sign Specifications (see Section 1A.05).

Support

02. The use of educational plaques to supplement symbol signs is described in Section 2A.09.

03. The use of LEDs in the border or legend of regulatory signs is described in Section 2A.12.

Standard

04. LED signs displaying a part-time prohibitory message incorporating a red circle and diagonal of a static sign shall display a red symbol that approximates the same red circle and diagonal as closely as possible. The symbol of the action to be prohibited shall be displayed in white LEDs on a black background.

05. A regulatory sign displayed entirely with LEDs and incorporated within the border of a larger full-matrix changeable message sign shall display the regulatory sign legend in the size, shape, color, and legend of the standard regulatory sign.

§2B.03 Size of Regulatory Signs

Standard

Except as provided in Section 2A.07, the minimum sizes for regulatory signs shall be as shown in Table 2B-1 and Table 2B-1(CA).

Support

02 Section 2A.07 contains information regarding the applicability of the various columns in Table 2B-1.

Standard

03. Except as provided in Paragraphs 5 and 6 of this Section, the minimum sizes for regulatory signs facing traffic on multi-lane conventional roads shall be as shown in the Multi-Lane column of Table 2B-1 and Table 2B-1(CA).

04. The minimum size of regulatory signs applied on low-volume rural roads with operating speeds of 30 mph or less shall be as shown in the Minimum column of Table 2B-1.

Option

05. Where the posted speed limit is 35 mph or less on a multi-lane highway or street, other than for a STOP sign, the minimum size shown in the Single Lane column in Table 2B-1 and 2B-1(CA) may be used.

06. Where a regulatory sign, other than a STOP sign, is placed on the left-hand side of a multi-lane roadway in addition to the installation of the same regulatory sign on the right-hand side or the roadway, the minimum size shown in the Single Lane column in Table 2B-1 and 2B-1(CA) may be used for both the sign on the right- hand side and the sign on the left-hand side of the roadway.

Guidance

07. The minimum sizes for regulatory signs facing traffic on exit and entrance ramps at major interchanges connecting an Expressway or Freeway with an Expressway or Freeway (see Section 2E.11) should be as shown in the column of

01. Table 2B-1 that corresponds to the mainline roadway classification (Expressway or Freeway). If a minimum size is not provided in the Freeway column, the minimum size in the Expressway column should be used. If a minimum size is not provided in the Freeway or Expressway Column, the size in the Oversized column should be used.

08. The minimum sizes for all regulatory signs facing traffic on exit and entrance ramps at all other classifications of interchanges (see Section 2E.11) should be the sizes shown in Table 2B-1 in the Conventional Road Single Lane column for single-lane ramps and in the Multi-Lane column for multi-lane ramps.

§2B.04 STOP Sign (R1-1) and ALL-WAY Plaque (R1-3P)

Standard

01. When it is determined that a full stop is always required on an approach to an intersection, a STOP (R1-1) sign (see Figure 2B-1) shall be used.

01a. When a required stop is to apply at the entrance to an intersection from a one-way street with a roadway of 30 feet or more in width, stop signs shall be erected both on the left and the right sides of the one-way street at or near the entrance to the intersection. Refer to CVC § 21355.

02. Secondary legends shall not be used on STOP sign faces.

03. The STOP sign shall not be displayed using a changeable message sign.

04. At intersections where all approaches are controlled by STOP signs (see Section 2B.12), an ALL-WAY (R1-3P) supplemental plaque (see Figure 2B-1) shall be mounted below each STOP sign. The ALL-WAY plaque shall have a white legend and border on a red background.

05. Supplemental plaques with legends such as 2-WAY, 3-WAY, 4-WAY, or other numbers of ways shall not be used with STOP signs.

Support

06. The use of the CROSS TRAFFIC DOES NOT STOP (W4-4P Series) and other plaques with variations of this legend is described in Section 2C.66.

Guidance

07. The TRAFFIC FROM LEFT (RIGHT) DOES NOT STOP (W4-4aP) plaque or ONCOMING TRAFFIC DOES NOT STOP (W4-4bP) plaque should be used at intersections where STOP signs control all but one approach to the intersection, unless the only non-stopped approach is from a one-way street.

Option

08. The EXCEPT RIGHT TURN (R1-10P) plaque (see Figure 2B-1) may be mounted below the STOP sign if an engineering study determines that a special combination of geometry and traffic volumes is present that makes it possible for right-turning traffic on the approach to be allowed to enter the intersection without stopping.

Support

09. The design and application of Stop Beacons are described in Section 4S.05.

10. A STOP (R1-1) sign is not a “cure-all” and is not a substitute for other traffic control devices and/or other traffic calming strategies. Often, the need for a STOP (R1-1) sign can be eliminated if the sight distance is increased by removing obstructions. Through Highways

Option

11. STOP (R1-1) signs may be installed either at or near the entrance to a State highway, except at signalized intersections, or at any location so as to control traffic within an intersection. Refer to CVC §§ 21352 and 21355. See Section 1A.05 for information regarding this publication.

Support

12. Authority to place STOP (R1-1) signs facing State highway traffic is delegated to the Caltrans District Directors.

Option

13. Local authorities may designate any highway under their jurisdiction as a through highway and install STOP (R1-1) signs in a like manner. Refer to CVC § 21354.

Standard

14. No local authority shall erect or maintain any STOP (R1-1) sign or other traffic control device requiring a stop, on any State highway, except by permission of Caltrans. Refer to CVC § 21353.

Support

15. Caltrans will grant such permission only when an investigation indicates that the STOP (R1-1) sign will benefit traffic.

§2B.05 YIELD Sign (R1-2)

Support

01. The YIELD sign requires road users to yield the right-of-way to other traffic on certain approaches to an intersection or on a two way approach to a one way section of roadway, such as a narrow bridge or underpass. Vehicles controlled by a YIELD sign need to slow down to a speed that is reasonable for the existing conditions or stop when necessary to avoid interfering with conflicting traffic.

Standard

02. The YIELD (R1-2) sign (see Figure 2B-1) shall not be displayed using a changeable message sign.

SIGNING FOR RIGHT-OF-WAY AT INTERSECTIONS

§2B.06 General Considerations

Support

01. Unsignalized intersections represent the most common form of intersection right-of-way control. Selection of control type might be impacted by specific requirements of State law or local ordinances.

02. Roundabouts and traffic circles are circular intersection designs and are not traffic control devices. The decision to convert an intersection from a conventional intersection to a circular intersection is an engineering design decision and not a traffic control device decision. As such, criteria for conversion from a conventional intersection to a circular intersection are not included in the MUTCD.

Guidance

03. The type of traffic control used at an unsignalized intersection should be the least restrictive that provides appropriate levels of safety and efficiency for all road users.

Support

04. Some types of right-of-way control that can exist at an unsignalized intersection in order from the least restrictive to the most restrictive are the following:

• A. No intersection control (see Section 2B.09): There are no right-of-way traffic control devices on any of the approaches to the intersection.
• B. Yield control (see Section 2B.10): YIELD signs are placed on all approaches (for a circular intersection), on opposing approaches for a four-leg intersection, on a single approach for a three-leg intersection, or in the median of a divided highway. The YIELD signs are placed on the minor road.
• C. Minor road stop control (see Section 2B.11): STOP signs are typically placed on opposing approaches (for a four-leg intersection) or on a single approach (for a three-leg intersection). The STOP signs are normally placed on the minor road. Section 2B.07 contains guidance on selecting the minor road.
• D. All-way stop control (see Section 2B.12): STOP signs are placed on all approaches to the intersection.

Guidance

05. When selecting a form of intersection control, the following factors should be considered:

• A. Motor vehicle, bicycle, and pedestrian traffic volumes on all approaches; where the term units/day or units/hour is indicated, it should be the total of motor vehicle, bicycle, and pedestrian volume;
• B. Driver yielding behavior with regard to all modes of conflicting traffic, including bicyclists and pedestrians;
• C. Number and angle of approaches;
• E. Approach speeds;
• E. Sight distance available on each approach;
• F. Reported crash experience; and
• G. The presence of a grade crossing near the intersection.

Standard

06. YIELD or STOP signs shall not be used for speed control.

Support

07. Appropriate traffic calming or other speed control measures are available to control vehicle speeds, such as those that do not have the potential to diminish the effectiveness of traffic control devices when used for their specified purpose.

Standard

08. Because the potential for conflicting commands could create driver confusion, YIELD or STOP signs shall not be used in conjunction with any traffic control signal operation, except in the following cases:

• A. If the signal indication for an approach is a flashing red at all times;
• B. If a minor street or driveway is located within or adjacent to the area controlled by the traffic control signal, but does not require separate traffic signal control because an extremely low potential for conflict exists; or
• C. If a channelized turn lane is separated from the adjacent travel lanes by an island and the channelized turn lane is not controlled by a traffic control signal.

08a. STOP signs shall not be erected at any entrance to an intersection controlled by traffic signals. Refer to CVC § 21355(a).

Option

STOP signs may be used at a channelized turn lane if it is separated from the adjacent travel lanes moving in same direction by an island and the channelized turn lane is not controlled by a traffic control signal.

Standard

09. STOP signs and YIELD signs shall not be installed on different approaches to the same unsignalized intersection if those approaches conflict with or oppose each other, except as provided for in Items A and B in Paragraph 3 of Section 2B.10.

10. Portable or part-time STOP or YIELD signs shall not be used except for emergency and temporary traffic control zone purposes.

11. A portable or part-time (folding) STOP sign that is manually placed into view and manually removed from view shall not be used during a power outage to control a signalized approach unless the maintaining agency establishes that the signal indication that will first be displayed to that approach upon restoration of power is a flashing red signal indication and that the portable STOP sign will be manually removed from view prior to resuming stop-and-go operation of the traffic control signal.

Option

12. A portable or part-time (folding) STOP sign that is electrically or mechanically operated such that it only displays the stop message during a power outage and ceases to display the stop message upon restoration of power may be used during a power outage to control a signalized approach.

Support

13. The use of STOP signs at grade crossings is described in Sections 8B.04 and 8B.05.

14. Section 9B.01 contains provisions regarding the assignment of priority where a shared-use path crosses a roadway.

§2B.07 Determining the Minor Road for Unsignalized Intersections

Guidance

01. The selection of the minor road to be controlled by YIELD or STOP signs should be based on one or more of the following criteria:

• A. A roadway intersecting a designated through or numbered highway,
• B. A roadway with the lower functional classification,
• C. A roadway with the lower traffic volume,
• D. A roadway with the lower speed limit, and/or
• E. A roadway that intersects with a roadway that has a higher priority for one or more modes of travel.

02. When two roadways that have relatively equal volumes, speeds, and/or other characteristics intersect, the following factors should be considered in selecting the minor road for installation of YIELD or STOP signs:

• A. Controlling the direction that conflicts the most with established pedestrian crossing activity or school walking routes;
• B. Controlling the direction that has obscured vision, dips, or bumps that already require drivers to use lower operating speeds; and
• C. Controlling the direction that has the best sight distance from a controlled position to observe conflicting traffic.

Support

03. Refer to CVC § 21356 for the erection of YIELD signs upon the approaches to more than one of the intersecting streets.

§2B.08 Right-of-Way Intersection Control Considerations

Guidance

Before converting to a more restrictive form of right-of-way control at an unsignalized intersection, the following alternative treatments to address safety, operational, or other concerns should be among those to be considered:

• A. Where yield or stop controlled, installing Yield Ahead or Stop Ahead signs on the appropriate approaches to the intersection;
• B. Removing parking on one or more approaches;
• C. Removing sight distance obstructions;
• D. Installing signs along the major street to warn road users approaching the intersection;
• E. Relocating the stop line(s) and making other changes to improve the sight distance at the intersection;
• F. Installing measures designed to reduce speeds on the approaches;
• G. Installing an Intersection Control Beacon (see Section 4S.02) or Stop Beacon (see Section 4S.05) at the intersection to supplement STOP sign control;
• H. Installing a Warning Beacon (see Section 4S.03) on warning signs in advance of a stop-controlled intersection on major-street and/or minor-street approaches;
• I. Adding one or more lanes on a minor-street approach to reduce the number of vehicles per lane on the approach;
• J. Revising the geometrics at the intersection to channelize vehicular movements and reduce the time required for a vehicle to complete a movement, which could also assist pedestrians;
• K. Revising the geometrics at the intersection to add pedestrian median refuge islands and/or curb extensions;
• L. Installing roadway lighting if a disproportionate number of crashes occur at night;
• M. Restricting one or more turning movements on a full-time or part-time basis if alternate routes are available;
• N. Installing on the major street a pedestrian-actuated device: Warning Beacon (see Section 4S.03), rectangular rapid-flashing beacon (see Section 4L.01), or In-Roadway Warning Lights (see Chapter 4U), if pedestrian safety is the major concern;
• O. If the warrant is satisfied, installing all-way stop control;
• P. Installing a pedestrian hybrid beacon (see Chapter 4J) on the major street to address pedestrian safety;
• Q. Installing a circular intersection; and
• R. Employing other alternatives, depending on conditions at the intersection.

§2B.09 No Intersection Control

Guidance

01. The decision not to use intersection control should be based on engineering judgment.

Option

02. The following factors may be considered:

• A. Intersection sight distance is adequate on all approaches.
• B. All approaches to the intersection are a single lane and there are no separate turn lanes.
• C. The combined motor vehicle, bicycle, and pedestrian volume (existing or projected) entering the intersection from all approaches averages less than 1,000 units per day or 80 units in the peak hour.
• D. There are no marked crosswalks or bicycle lanes on any approach.
• E. None of the approaches to the intersection are for a through highway, main road, or higher functional classification.
• F. The angle of intersection is between 90 and 75 degrees.
• G. The functional classification of the intersecting streets is either the intersection of two local streets or the intersection of a local street with a collector street.

§2B.10 Yield Control

Guidance

01. At intersections where a full stop is not necessary at all times, consideration should first be given to using less restrictive measures such as YIELD signs.

02. Yield control should be considered when engineering judgment indicates that all of the following conditions exist:

• A. Intersection sight distance is adequate on the approaches to be controlled by YIELD signs.
• B. All approaches to the intersection are a single lane and there are no separate turn lanes.
• C. One of the following crash-related criteria applies:
• D. For changing from no intersection control to yield control, there have been two or more reported crashes in the previous 12 months that are susceptible to correction by the installation of a YIELD sign.
• E. For changing from minor road stop control to yield control, there have been two or fewer reported crashes in the previous 12 months.
• F. The combined motor vehicle, bicycle, and pedestrian volume entering the intersection averages less than 1,800 units per day or 140 units in the peak hour.
• G. The angle of intersection is between 90 and 75 degrees.
• H. The functional classification of the intersecting streets is either the intersection of two local streets or the intersection of a local street with a collector street.

Support

02a. Refer to FHWA’s List of Known Errors for errors in Paragraph 2, Items D and E text. Refer to Section 1A.04 for more details.

Option

03. YIELD signs may be installed at an intersection when any of the following conditions apply:

• A. At the second intersection of a divided highway crossing or median break functioning as two separate intersections (see Figure 2B-19). In this case, a YIELD sign may be installed at the entrance to the second intersection.
• B. For a channelized turn lane that is separated from the adjacent travel lanes by an island, even if the adjacent lanes at the intersection are controlled by a highway traffic control signal or by a STOP sign.
• C. At an intersection where a special problem exists and where engineering judgment indicates the problem to be susceptible to correction by the use of the YIELD sign.
• D. Facing the entering roadway for a merge-type movement if engineering judgment indicates that control is needed because acceleration geometry and/or sight distance is not adequate for merging traffic operation.
• E. On low-volume rural roads if engineering judgment indicates that a YIELD sign would provide adequate control.
• F. On an approach to an intersection where the only permissible movement is a right-turn movement with an intersection geometry similar to a channelized right-turn lane or an approach to a roundabout.

Guidance

04. The YIELD signs should be installed on opposing minor-street approaches (for a four-leg intersection) or on the minor-street approach (for a three-leg intersection). When two intersecting roadways have relatively equal volumes, speeds, and other characteristics, yield control should be installed on the approach that conflicts the most with established pedestrian crossing activity, school walking routes, or bicycle crossing activity.

Standard

05. A YIELD sign shall be used to require road users to yield the right-of-way to other traffic at the entrance to a roundabout. YIELD signs at roundabouts shall be used to control the approach roadways and shall not be used to control the circulatory roadway.

06. YIELD signs shall not be placed in more than one of on all of the approaches to an intersection, except at roundabouts. Refer to CVC § 21356.

§2B.11 Minor Road Stop Control

Guidance

01. Stop control on the minor-road approach or approaches to an intersection should be considered when engineering judgment indicates that one or more of the following conditions exist:

• A. A restricted view exists that requires road users to stop in order to adequately observe conflicting traffic on the through street or highway.
• B. Crash records indicate that:
  • 1. For a four-leg intersection, there are three or more reported crashes in a 12-month period or six or more reported crashes in a 36-month period. The crashes should be susceptible to correction by installation of minor-road stop control.
  • 2. For a three-leg intersection, there are three or more reported crashes in a 12-month period or five or more reported crashes in a 36-month period. The crashes should be susceptible to correction by installation of minor-road stop control.
• C. The intersection is of a lower functional classification road with a higher functional classification road.
• D. Conditions that previously supported the installation of all-way stop control no longer exist.

02. On low-volume rural roads, a STOP sign should be considered at an intersection where engineering judgment indicates that Item C in Paragraph 1 of this Section is applicable or where the intersection has inadequate sight distance for the operating vehicle speeds.

§2B.12 All-Way Stop Control

Support

01. The provisions in the following sections describe warrants for the recommended engineering study to determine all-way stop control. Warrants are not a substitute for engineering judgment. The fact that a warrant for a particular traffic control device is met is not conclusive justification to install or not install all-way stop control. Because each intersection will have unique characteristics that affect its operational performance or safety, it is the engineering study for a given intersection that is ultimately the basis for a decision to install or not install all-way stop control.

02. All-way stop controls at intersections with substantially differing approach volumes can reduce the effectiveness of these devices for all roadway users.

Guidance

03. The decision to establish all-way stop control at an unsignalized intersection should be based on an engineering study. The engineering study for all-way stop control should include an analysis of factors related to the existing operation and safety at the intersection, the potential to improve these conditions, and the applicable factors contained in the following all-way stop control warrants:

• A. All-Way Stop Control Warrant A: Crash Experience (see Section 2B.13)
• B. All-Way Stop Control Warrant B: Sight Distance (see Section 2B.14)
• C. All-Way Stop Control Warrant C: Transition to Signal Control or Transition to Yield Control at a Circular Intersection (see Section 2B.15)
• D. All-Way Stop Control Warrant D: 8-Hour Volume (Vehicles, Pedestrians, Bicycles) (see Section 2B.16)
• E. All-Way Stop Control Warrant E: Other Factors (see Section 2B.17)

Option

04. The decision to install all-way stop control on site roadways open to public travel may be based on engineering judgment.

Standard

05. The satisfaction of an all-way stop control warrant or warrants shall not in itself require the installation of all-way stop control at an unsignalized intersection.

§2B.13 All-Way Stop Control Warrant A: Crash Experience

Option

All-way stop control may be installed at an intersection where an engineering study indicates that:

• A. For a four-leg intersection, there are five or more reported crashes in a 12-month period or six or more reported crashes in a 36-month period that were of a type susceptible to correction by the installation of all-way stop control.
• B. For a three-leg intersection, there are four or more reported crashes in a 12-month period or five or more reported crashes in a 36-month period that were of a type susceptible to correction by the installation of all-way stop control.

§2B.14 All-Way Stop Control Warrant B: Sight Distance

Option

01. All-way stop control may be installed at an intersection where an engineering study indicates that sight distance on the minor-road approaches controlled by a STOP sign is not adequate for a vehicle to turn onto or cross the major (uncontrolled) road.

Support

02. At such a location, a road user, after stopping, cannot see conflicting traffic and is not able to negotiate the intersection unless conflicting cross traffic is also required to stop.

§2B.15 All-Way Stop Control Warrant C: Transition to Signal Control or Transition to Yield Control at a Circular Intersection

Option

All-way stop control may be installed at locations where all-way stop control is an interim measure that can be installed to control traffic while arrangements are being made for the installation of a traffic control signal (see Chapter 4C) at the intersection or for the installation of yield control at a circular intersection.

§2B.16 All-Way Stop Control Warrant D: 8-Hour Volume (Vehicles, Pedestrians, Bicycles)

Option

01. All-way stop control may be installed at an intersection where an engineering study indicates:

• A. The combined motor vehicle, bicycle, and pedestrian volume entering the intersection from the major- street approaches is at least 300 units per hour for each of any 8 hours of a typical day; and
• B. The combined motor vehicle, bicycle, and pedestrian volume entering the intersection from the minor- street approaches is at least 200 units per hour for each of any of the same 8 hours.

02. If the 85th-percentile approach speed of the major-street traffic exceeds 40 mph, the minimum vehicular volume warrants may be reduced to 70 percent of the values given in Items A and B in Paragraph 1 of this Section.

§2B.17 All-Way Stop Control Warrant E: Other Factors

Option

All-way stop control may be installed at an intersection where an engineering study indicates that all- way stop control is needed due to other factors not addressed in the other all-way stop control warrants. Such other factors may include, but are not limited to, the following:

• A. The need to control left-turn conflicts,
• B. An intersection of two residential neighborhood collector (through) streets of similar design and operating characteristics where all-way stop control would improve traffic operational characteristics of the intersection, or
• C. Where pedestrian and/or bicyclist movements support the installation of all-way stop control.

§2B.18 STOP Sign or YIELD Sign Placement

Standard

01. The STOP or YIELD sign shall be installed on the near side of the intersection on the right- hand side of the approach to which it applies. When the STOP or YIELD sign is installed at this required location and the sign visibility is restricted, a Stop Ahead sign (see Section 2C.35) shall be installed in advance of the STOP sign or a Yield Ahead sign (see Section 2C.35) shall be installed in advance of the YIELD sign.

02. The STOP or YIELD sign shall be located as close as practicable to the intersection it regulates, while optimizing its visibility to the road user it is intended to regulate.

03. STOP signs and YIELD signs shall not be mounted on the same post.

03a. If other signs are grouped with a STOP sign, except for ONE WAY (R6-1 & R6-2) signs and Street Name (D3-1) sign (refer to Sections 2B.49 & 2D.45), they shall be installed below the STOP sign.

Support

03b. When a Street Name sign and a ONE WAY sign are mounted on the same assembly as a STOP sign, the Street Name sign needs to be placed at the top, the ONE WAY sign directly below it, and the STOP sign at the bottom.

04. Section 2A.05 contains information about mounting signs back-to-back with a STOP or YIELD sign.

Guidance

05. STOP or YIELD signs should not be placed farther than 50 feet from the edge of the pavement of the intersected roadway (see Drawing F in Figure 2A-3).

06. Supplemental plaques used in conjunction with a STOP or YIELD sign should be limited to those specified for such use in this Manual

Option

07. Where drivers proceeding straight ahead must yield to traffic approaching from the opposite direction, such as at a one-lane bridge, a TO ONCOMING TRAFFIC (R1-2aP) plaque (see Figure 2B-1) may be mounted below the YIELD sign.

08. Where drivers must yield to traffic in a multi-lane roundabout, a TO TRAFFIC IN CIRCLE (R1-2bP) or TO ALL LANES (R1-2cP) plaque (see Figure 2B-1) may be mounted below the YIELD sign.

Support

09. Figure 2A-3 shows examples of some typical placements of STOP signs and YIELD signs.

Standard

09a. The TO ONCOMING TRAFFIC (R1-2aP) sign when used, shall be mounted on the same post and immediately below a YIELD (R1-2) sign.

Guidance

The width of the R1-2aP sign should be equal to the width of the YIELD (R1-2) sign.

Support

10. Section 2A.13 contains additional information about separate and combined mounting of other signs with STOP or YIELD signs.

Guidance

11. Stop lines that are used to supplement a STOP sign should be located as described in Section 3B.19. Yield lines that are used to supplement a YIELD sign should be located as described in Section 3B.19.

12. Where there is a marked crosswalk at the intersection, the STOP sign should be installed in advance of the edge of the crosswalk that is nearest to the approaching traffic.

13. Except at roundabouts and channelized right-turn lanes, where there is a marked crosswalk at the intersection, the YIELD sign should be installed in advance of the edge of the crosswalk that is nearest to the approaching traffic.

14. Where two roads intersect at an acute angle, the STOP or YIELD sign should be positioned at an angle, or shielded, so that the legend is out of view of traffic to which it does not apply.

15. If a raised splitter island is available on the left-hand side of a multi-lane roundabout approach, an additional YIELD sign should be placed on the left-hand side of the approach.

Option

16. If a raised splitter island is available on the left-hand side of a single-lane roundabout approach, an additional YIELD sign may be placed on the left-hand side of the approach.

17. At wide-throat intersections or where two or more approach lanes of traffic exist on the signed approach, an additional STOP or YIELD sign may be installed on the left-hand side of the road and/or a stop or yield line may be used to improve observance of the right-of-way control. At channelized intersections or at divided roadways separated by a median or divisional island, the additional STOP or YIELD sign may be placed on a channelizing island, or in the median or on the divisional island. An additional STOP or YIELD sign may also be placed overhead facing the approach at the intersection to improve observance of the right- of-way control.

Standard

18. More than one STOP sign or more than one YIELD sign shall not be placed on the same support facing in the same direction.

Option

19. For a yield-controlled channelized right-turn movement onto a roadway without an acceleration lane and for an entrance ramp onto a freeway or expressway without an acceleration lane, a NO MERGE AREA (W4-5aP) supplemental plaque (see Section 2C.45) may be mounted below a Yield Ahead (W3-2) sign and/or below a YIELD (R1-2) sign when engineering judgment indicates that road users would expect an acceleration lane to be present.

§2B.19 Yield Here To Pedestrians Signs and Stop Here For Pedestrians Signs (R1-5 Series)

Support

The R1-5 series signs are intended to mitigate the scenario that can place pedestrians at risk by blocking other drivers’ view of pedestrians and by blocking the pedestrians' view of the vehicles approaching in the adjacent lanes.

Standard

02. Yield Here to (Stop Here for) Pedestrians (R1-5, R1-5a, R1-5b, R1-5c, R1-5d, and R1-5e) signs (see Figure 2B-2) shall be used if yield (stop) lines are used in advance of a marked crosswalk only where it crosses an uncontrolled multi-lane approach. The Stop Here for Pedestrians signs shall only be used where the law specifically requires that a driver must stop for a pedestrian in a crosswalk. The legend STATE LAW shall not be displayed on the R1-5 series signs.

Support

02a. The Stop Here for Pedestrian signs (R1-5b, R1-5c and R1-5e) are deleted as a stop is not required in California per

Guidance

03. If yield (stop) lines and Yield Here to (Stop Here for) Pedestrians signs are used in advance of a crosswalk that crosses an uncontrolled multi-lane approach, the signs should be placed 20 to 50 feet in advance of the nearest edge of the crosswalk (see Section 3B.19 and Figure 3B-16).

Standard

01. When used with a School Crossing assembly within school zones (see Part 7), the R1-5a and R1- 5c signs shall be used in place of the R1-5 and R1-5b signs in accordance with Paragraph 2 of this Section.

05. When used with a Trail Crossing assembly (see Section 2C.54), the R1-5d and R1-5e signs shall be used in place of the R1-5 and R1-5b signs in accordance with Paragraph 2 of this Section.

Guidance

06. When Yield Here to (Stop Here for) Pedestrians signs are provided in advance of a crosswalk across an multi-lane approach, parking should be prohibited in the area between the yield (stop) line and the crosswalk.

07. Yield (stop) lines and Yield Here to (Stop Here for) Pedestrians signs should not be used in advance of crosswalks that cross an approach to or departure from a roundabout.

Option

08. Yield Here to (Stop Here for) Pedestrians signs may be used in accordance with Paragraphs 2 through 4 of this Section even if yield (stop) lines are not used.

09. A Pedestrian Crossing (W11-2) warning sign may be placed overhead or may be post-mounted with a diagonal downward-pointing arrow (W16-7P) plaque at the crosswalk location where Yield Here to (Stop Here for) Pedestrians signs have been installed in advance of the crosswalk.

Standard

10. If a W11-2 sign is post-mounted at the crosswalk location where a Yield Here to (Stop Here for) Pedestrians sign is used on the approach, the Yield Here to (Stop Here for) Pedestrians sign shall not be placed on the same post as the W11-2 sign.

Option

11. An advance Pedestrian Crossing (W11-2) warning sign with an AHEAD or a distance supplemental plaque may be used in conjunction with a Yield Here to (Stop Here for) Pedestrians sign on the approach to the same crosswalk.

12. In-Street Pedestrian Crossing signs and Yield Here to (Stop Here for) Pedestrians signs may be used together at the same crosswalk.

§2B.20 In-Street and Overhead Pedestrian and Trail Crossing Signs (R1-6 and R1-9 Series)

Option

The In-Street Pedestrian Crossing (R1-6 or R1-6a) sign (see Figure 2B-2), In-Street Trail Crossing (R1-6d or R1-6e) sign (see Figure 2B-2), the Overhead Pedestrian Crossing (R1-9 or R1-9a) sign (see Figure 2B-2), or the Overhead Trail Crossing (R1-9d or R1-9e) sign (see Figure 2B-2) may be used to remind road users of laws regarding right-of-way at an unsignalized crosswalk. The legend STATE LAW may be displayed at the top of the R1-6 series and R1-9 series signs if applicable. On the R1-6 series signs, the legends STOP or YIELD may be used instead of the appropriate STOP sign or YIELD sign symbol.

02. Highway agencies may develop and apply criteria for determining the applicability of In-Street Pedestrian Crossing signs.

Support

02a. The In-Street Pedestrian crossing (R1-6a), In-Street Trail Crossing (R1-6e), and Overhead Pedestrian Crossing (R1-9a), and Overhead Trail Crossing (R1-9e) signs are deleted as a stop is not required in California per CVC § 21950.

Standard

03. The STOP FOR legend shall only be used in States where the State law specifically requires that a driver must stop for a pedestrian or a bicyclist in a crosswalk.

04. If used, In-Street Pedestrian or Trail Crossing signs shall only be placed in the roadway at the crosswalk location on the center line, on a median island, on a lane line, or on an edge line.

05. The In-Street Pedestrian or Trail Crossing sign shall not be post-mounted on the left-hand or right-hand side of the roadway.

Support

06. Section 3I.02 contains information about the use of tubular markers to provide additional emphasis for a pedestrian crossing.

Standard

07. If used, the Overhead Pedestrian or Trail Crossing sign shall be placed over the roadway at the crosswalk location.

08. When used at an uncontrolled crossing, the In-Street or Overhead Pedestrian Crossing sign shall be used only

01. as a supplement to a Pedestrian Crossing (W11-2) warning sign with a diagonal downward-pointing arrow (W16-7P) plaque at the crosswalk location.

09. When used at an uncontrolled crossing, the In-Street or Overhead Trail Crossing sign shall be used only as a supplement to a Trail Crossing (W11-15) warning sign with a diagonal downward- pointing arrow (W16-7P) plaque at the crosswalk location.

10. An In-Street or Overhead Pedestrian or Trail Crossing sign shall not be placed in advance of the crosswalk to educate road users about the State law prior to reaching the crosswalk, nor shall it be installed as an educational display that is not near any crosswalk.

Guidance

11. If an island (see Chapter 3J) is available, the In-Street Pedestrian or Trail Crossing sign, if used, should be placed on the island.

Option

12. In-Street Pedestrian or Trail Crossing signs may be mounted back-to-back in the median or on the center line of an undivided roadway.

Standard

13. The In-Street Pedestrian or Trail Crossing sign and the Overhead Pedestrian Crossing or Trail sign shall not be used at crosswalks on approaches controlled by a stop control, traffic control signal, pedestrian hybrid beacon, or an emergency-vehicle hybrid beacon.

14. Except where the In-Street Crossing sign is placed on a physical island, the sign support shall be designed to bend over and then bounce back to its normal vertical position when struck by a vehicle.

Option

15. The In-Street and Overhead Pedestrian and Trail Crossing sign may be used at intersections or midblock pedestrian crossings with flashing beacons.

Support

16. The provisions of Section 2A.15 concerning mounting height are not applicable for the In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign. Section 2A.18 contains information about sign mounting methods.

Standard

17. The top of an In-Street Pedestrian or Trail Crossing sign shall be a maximum of 4 feet above the pavement surface. The top of an In-Street Pedestrian or Trail Crossing sign placed in an island shall be a maximum of 4 feet above the island surface.

Option

18. The In-Street Pedestrian Crossing or Trail Crossing signs may be used seasonally to prevent damage in winter because of plowing operations, and may be removed at night if the pedestrian activity at night is minimal.

19. Both sign mounting types, In-Street Crossing (R1-6 series) signs and Overhead Crossing (R1-9 series) signs, may be used together at the same crosswalk.

SPEED LIMIT SIGNS AND PLAQUES

§2B.21 Speed Limit Sign (R2-1)

Support

In general, the maximum speed limits applicable to rural and urban roads are established:

• A. Statutorily – a maximum speed limit applicable to a particular class of road, such as freeways or city streets, that is established by State law; or
• B. As speed zones – based on engineering studies.

02. State statutory limits might restrict the maximum speed limit that can be established on a particular road, notwithstanding what an engineering study might indicate.

03. Agencies with designated authorities to set speed limits, which include States, and sometimes local jurisdictions, can establish non-statutory speed limits or designate reduced speed zones using an engineering study. Setting appropriate speed limits is especially important to ensure safety for all road users in varying types of contexts, particularly on roadways where adjacent land use suggests that trips could be served by varied modes. These situations include urban and suburban non-freeway arterials or rural arterials that serve as main streets in smaller communities, consistent with the context classifications of urban core, urban, suburban, and rural towns found in “A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets,” 2018 Edition, AASHTO. When setting a speed limit, a range of factors such as land-use context, pedestrian and bicyclist activity, crash history, intersection spacing, driveway density, roadway geometry, roadside conditions, roadway functional classification, traffic volume, and observed speeds can influence the speed limit determined in the engineering study. The engineering study will determine which of the recommended factors will prevail in setting the speed limit.

04. Jurisdictions can use speed limit setting tools and methods such as expert systems and those consistent with the safe system approach as part of the required engineering study for a non-statutory speed limit. As speed limit setting tools vary, jurisdictions need to be aware of their limitations and advantages, possible variation between the tools and the need to explore gaps or weaknesses of tools, and weigh the output accordingly in consideration of setting speed limits.

04a. The setting of speed limits can be controversial and requires a rational and defensible determination to maintain public confidence. Speed limits are normally set near the 85th-percentile speed that statistically represents one standard deviation above the average speed and establishes the upper limit of what is considered reasonable and prudent. As with most laws, speed limits need to depend on the voluntary compliance of the greater majority of motorists. Speed limits cannot be set arbitrarily low, as this would create violators of the majority of drivers and would not command the respect of the public. Artificially low speed limits can lead to poor compliance as well as large variations in speed within the traffic stream. Increased speed variance can also create more conflicts and passing maneuvers.

05. To achieve desired operating speeds, agencies often implement other speed management strategies concurrently with setting speed limits, such as traffic calming measures, geometric design features, speed safety cameras, and increased enforcement.

05a. The most effective way to reduce speeds is through a combination of strategies using traffic control devices related to speed management, roadway design and engineering solutions, traffic calming techniques and measures, public education, and enforcement efforts. Effectively managing road user speed relies on numerous factors, which include enforcement, roadway characteristics, surrounding environment, adjacent land use, and traffic control devices. Many studies find that engineering changes, such as change a road’s infrastructure, are one of the most important factors in reducing vehicle operating speeds. Engineering changes are also one of the most effective interventions at reducing pedestrian injury and fatality rates. Potential street engineering changes, such as curb extensions, median islands, raised crosswalks, roundabouts, and speed bumps or speed humps, naturally result in lower speeds. It is realized that these engineering changes can be costly and time-consuming to implement.

Standard

06. Speed zones (other than statutory speed limits) shall only be established on the basis of an engineering and traffic survey (E&TS), also noted as an engineering study that has been performed in accordance with traffic engineering practices. The engineering study shall consider the roadway context.

Guidance

07. The engineering study should consider the roadway context. Among the factors that should be considered when conducting an engineering study for establishing or reevaluating speed limits within speed zones are the following:

• A. Roadway environment not readily apparent to the driver (CVC § 627) (such as roadside development, number and frequency of driveways and access points, and land use), functional classification, public transit volume and

01. location or frequency of stops, parking practices, and pedestrian and bicycle facilities and activity;

• B. Roadway characteristics not readily apparent to the driver (CVC § 627) (such as lane widths, shoulder condition, grade, alignment, median type, and sight distance);
• C. Geographic context (such as an urban district, rural town center, non-urbanized rural area, or suburban area residential district, business district, business activity district), and multi-modal trip generation;
• D. Reported crash experience for at least a 12 36-month period;
• E. Speed distribution of free-flowing vehicles including the pace, median (50th-percentile), and 85th- precentile percentile speeds; and
• F. A review of past speed studies to identify any trends in operating speeds (CVC § 22358.8)

Support

07a. Refer to FHWA’s List of Known Errors for error in Paragraph 7, Item E text. Refer to Section 1A.04 for more details.

Guidance

08. When the 85th-percentile speed is appreciably greater than the posted speed limit, and the roadway context does not support setting a higher speed limit, the engineering (not E&TS) study should consider whether changes to geometric features, enforcement, and/or other speed-reduction countermeasures might improve compliance with the posted speed limit. A similar approach should be used if the results of past speed studies indicate that the 85th-percentile speed has consistently increased.

09. On urban and suburban arterials, and on rural arterials that serve as main streets through developed areas of communities, the 85th-percentile speed should not be used to set speed limits without consideration of all factors described in Paragraph 7 of this Section.

Standard

10. On a freeway, expressway, or rural highway (outside urbanized locations or conditions), On a highway, the speed limit that is posted within a speed zone should shall be within 5 mph 12.4 mph of the 85th-percentile speed of freeflowing motor-vehicle traffic under the following conditions:

• A. All factors described in Paragraph 7 of this Section have been considered and determined to be nonmitigating.
• B. The measures described in Paragraph 8 of this Section have been considered to the extent practicable.

Guidance

11. State and local agencies should conduct engineering studies to reevaluate non-statutory speed limits on segments of their roadways that have undergone significant changes since the last review (such as changes to roadway context, the addition or elimination of parking or driveways, changes in the number of travel lanes, changes in the configuration of bicycle lanes, changes to road geometrics, changes in traffic control signal coordination, or significant changes in traffic volumes).

12. Speed studies for signalized intersection approaches should be taken outside the influence area of the traffic control signal, which is generally considered to be approximately ½ mile, to avoid obtaining skewed results for the speed distribution. If the signal spacing is less than 1 mile, the speed study should be at approximately the middle of the segment.

Support

12a. Speed limits in California are governed by the CVC, §§ 22348 through 22413; also, pertinent sections are found in §§ 627 and 40802 and others referenced in this section. Refer to Section 1A.05 for information regarding this publication.

12b. Refer to Part 6, Section 6B.01 for speed limit signs in temporary traffic control zones. Refer to Part 7 for speed limit signs in school areas. Basic Speed Law and Prima Facie Speed Limits – Refer to CVC §§ 22350 & 22352

12c. The basic speed law states “No person shall drive a vehicle upon a highway at a speed greater than is reasonable or prudent having due regard for weather, visibility, the traffic on, and the surface and width of, the highway, and in no event at a speed which endangers the safety of persons or property.”

Standard

12d. Prima facie speed limits are specific limits and shall apply unless changed based upon an E&TS and signs are posted that display the new speed limit.

Option

12e. Prima facie speed limits may be preempted by the basic speed law, when roadway, traffic or weather conditions warrant a lower speed. Legal Authority for Establishing Speed Limits

Support

12f. Delegation of legal authority to set speed limits based on valid E&TS on State highways is given to Caltrans District Directors. The District Director of each transportation district is authorized to issue orders regulating the speed of traffic, up to 70 mph on State highways. The Director of Caltrans retains the authority to approve variable, and minimum speed limits on State freeways.

Standard

12g. The speed limits shown in Table 2B-101(CA) shall apply, unless changed upon the basis of an E&TS.

Option

12h. The speed limits shown in Table 2B-102(CA) may apply, unless changed upon E&TS. Variable Speed Limits on Freeways - Refer to CVC § 22355

12i. The following speed limits may apply:
• Whenever Caltrans determines based upon an E&TS that the safe and orderly movement of traffic upon any freeway segment will be facilitated by the establishment of variable speed limits
• Caltrans may erect, regulate, and control signs upon the state highway which is a freeway, or any portion thereof, which, if used, signs shall be designed to permit display of different speeds at various times of the day or night.
• Such signs need not conform to the standards & specifications per CVC § 21400, but if used, shall be of sufficient size and clarity to give adequate notice of the applicable speed limit. Minimum Speed Limits on State Highways - Refer to CVC § 22400

12j. The following speed limits may apply:
• Whenever Caltrans determines based upon an E&TS that slow speeds on any part of a state highway consistently impede the normal and reasonable movement of traffic, Caltrans may determine and declare a minimum speed limit. Appropriate signs giving notice shall then be installed on that segment.
• A motorist can be cited for stopping or impeding the normal and reasonable movement of traffic unless the stop is necessary for safe operation and in compliance with the law. Engineering and Traffic Survey (E&TS)

Support

12k. CVC § 627 defines the term “Engineering and traffic survey” and lists its requirements.

Standard

12l. An E&TS shall include, among other requirements deemed necessary by Caltrans, consideration of all of the following:

• A. Prevailing speeds as determined by traffic engineering measurements.
• B. Collision records.
• C. Highway, traffic, and roadside conditions not readily apparent to the driver.

Guidance

12m. The E&TS should contain sufficient information to document that the required three items of CVC § 627 are provided and that other conditions not readily apparent to a driver are properly identified.

12n. Prevailing speeds are determined by a speed zone survey. A speed zone survey should include:

• A. The intent of the speed measurements is to determine the actual speed of unimpeded traffic. The speed of traffic should not be altered by concentrated law enforcement, or other means, just prior to, or while taking the speed measurements.
• B. Speeds should be read directly from a radar or other electronic speed measuring devices; or,
• C. Devices, other than radar, capable of accurately distinguishing and measuring the unimpeded speed of free flowing vehicles may be used.
• D. A location should be selected where prevailing speeds are representative of the entire speed zone section. If speeds vary on a given route, more than one speed zone section may be required, with separate measurements for each section. Locations for measurements should be chosen so as to minimize the effects of traffic signals or stop signs.
• E. Speed measurements should be taken during off-peak hours between peak traffic periods on weekdays. If there is difficulty in obtaining the desired quantity, speed measurements may be taken during any period with free flowing traffic.
• F. The weather should be fair (dry pavement) with no unusual conditions prevailing.
• G. The surveyor and equipment should not affect the traffic speeds. For this reason, an unmarked car is recommended, and the radar speed meter located as inconspicuously as possible.
• H. In order for the sample to be representative of the actual traffic flow, the minimum sample should be 100 vehicles in each survey. In no case should the sample contain less than 50 vehicles.
• I. Short speed zones of less than 0.5 miles should be avoided, except in transition areas.
• J. Speed zone changes should be coordinated with changes in roadway conditions or roadside development.
• K. Speed zoning should be coordinated with adjacent jurisdictions.

Support

12o. Physical conditions such as width, curvature, grade and surface conditions, or any other condition readily apparent to the driver, in the absence of other factors, would not require special downward speed zoning. Refer to CVC § 22358.5.

Option

12p. When qualifying an appropriate speed limit, local authorities may also consider all of the following findings:

• A. Residential density, if any of the following conditions exist on the particular portion of highway and the property contiguous thereto, other than a business district:
  • 1. Upon one side of the highway, within 0.25 miles, the contiguous property fronting thereon is occupied by 13 or more separate dwelling houses or business structures.
  • 2. Upon both sides of the highway, collectively, within a distance of 0.25 miles the contiguous property fronting thereon is occupied by 16 or more separate dwelling houses or business structures.
  • 3. The portion of highway is larger than 0.25 miles but has the ratio of separate dwelling houses or business structures to the length of the highway described in either subparagraph 1 or 2 above.
• B. Safety of bicyclists and pedestrians, with increased consideration for vulnerable pedestrian groups including children, seniors, persons with disabilities, users of personal assistive mobility devices, and the unhoused.

12q. The following two forms may be used to document speed zoning based on an E&TS to establish speed limits:

• 1. State Highways - The E&TS for State highways is made under the direction of the Caltrans District traffic engineer. Long form should be used to document the data and reports including:
  • a. One copy of Speed Zone Survey Sheet (Refer to Figure 2B-101(CA)) showing:
    • A north arrow
    • Name and/or highway number of the route to be zoned
    • Post Mile or other distance measurement
    • Limits of the proposed zones for each direction of travel
    • Roads and crossroad names, number and width of lanes, indicate parking restrictions
    • Appropriate notations showing type of roadside development, such as “scattered business,” “solid residential,” etc. Schools adjacent to the highway are shown, but other buildings need not be plotted unless they are a factor in the speed recommendation or the point of termination of a speed zone.
    • Collision rates for the zones involved
    • Annual average daily traffic volume
    • Location of traffic signals, signs and markings
    • If the highway is divided, the limits of zones for each direction of travel
    • Plotted 85th percentile and pace speeds at location taken showing speed profile
  • b. A report to the District Director that includes:
    • The reason for the initiation of speed zone survey.
    • Recommendations and supporting reasons.
    • The enforcement jurisdictions involved and the recommendations and opinions of those officials.
    • The stationing or reference post in mileage at the beginning and ending of each proposed zone and any intermediate equations. Location ties must be given to readily identifiable physical features.
• 2. Roadways under the jurisdiction of City or County:
  • a. Short form may be used for documenting speed zoning (Figure 2B-104(CA)).
  • b. Determination of Speed Limits - Figures 2B-103(CA) & 2B-104(CA) show examples of data sheets which may be used to record speed observations. Specific types of vehicles may be tallied by use of letter symbols in appropriate squares.

12r. In most situations, the short form for local streets and roads will be adequate; however, the procedure or long form used on State highways may be used at the option of the local agency.

Guidance

The establishment of a speed limit of more than 5 mph below the 85th percentile speed should be done with great care as studies have shown that establishing a speed limit less than the 85th percentile generally results in an increase in collision rates; in addition, this may make violators of a disproportionate number of the reasonable majority of drivers.

Support

12t. Generally, the most decisive evidence of conditions not readily apparent to the driver are identified in collision histories.

12u. Speed limits are established at or near the 85th percentile speed, which is defined as that speed at or below which 85 percent of the traffic is moving. The 85th percentile speed is often referred to as the critical speed. Pace speed is defined as the 10 mph increment of speed containing the largest number of vehicles (Refer to Figure 2B-102(CA)). The lower limit of the pace is plotted on the Speed Zone Survey Sheets as an aid in determining the proper zone limits. Speed limits higher than the 85th percentile speed are not generally considered reasonable and prudent. Speed limits below the 85th percentile speed does not ordinarily facilitate the orderly movement of traffic and require constant enforcement to maintain compliance. Speed limits established on the basis of the 85th percentile speed conform to the consensus of those who drive highways as to what speed is reasonable and prudent, and are not dependent on the judgment of one or a few individuals.

12v. The majority of drivers comply with the basic speed law. Speed limits set at or near the 85th percentile speed provide law enforcement officers with a limit to cite drivers who will not conform to what the majority considers reasonable and prudent. Further studies show that establishing a speed limit at less than the 85th percentile (Critical Speed) generally results in an increase in collision rates.

Option

12w. When roadside development results in traffic conflicts and unusual conditions which are not readily apparent to drivers, as indicated in collision records, speed limits somewhat below the 85th percentile may be justified. Concurrence and support of enforcement officials are necessary for the successful operation of a speed zone.

Guidance

12x. Speed zones of less than 0.5 miles in rural locations, 0.25 miles for urban locations, and short transition zones should be avoided.

Support

12y. Any existing E&TS that was performed before January 1, 2022 in accordance with previous traffic control device standards is not required to be updated until it is due for reevaluation per the 5, 7 or 14 year criteria. An E&TS can originally exist for 7 years and may be extended to 14 years if the conditions are met. CVC § 22358.6 – 85th-Percentile speed, Rounding, 5 mph Increment, 5 mph speed reduction and Maximum Speed Reduction

Standard

When a speed limit is to be posted, it shall be established at the nearest 5 mph increment of the 85th-percentile speed

12z. of free-flowing traffic (CVC § 22358.6(a)), except as shown in the two Options described in paragraphs 12aa and 12ab, or if using additional 5 mph speed reduction for safety corridor designation (CVC § 22358.7(a)(1)) or adjacent to land or facility generating high concentrations of bicyclists and pedestrians (CVC § 22358.7(a)(2)).

Option

12aa. For cases in which the nearest 5 mph increment of the 85th-percentile speed would require a rounding down, the speed limit may be reduced by 5 mph from the nearest 5 mph increment of the 85th-percentile speed, in compliance with CVC §§ 627 and 22358.5. CVC §§ 22353, 22353.2, 22353.3, 22353.4, and 22353.5, may also be considered, if applicable. Refer to Standard below for documentation requirements. Refer to CVC § 22358.6(b).

12ab. For cases in which rounding the 85th-percentile speed to the nearest 5 mph increment would require a rounding up, the speed limit may be rounded down to the nearest 5 mph increment below the 85th percentile speed. Refer to CVC § 21400(b). Refer to CVC § 22358.6(c).

Standard

12ac. If 5 mph reduction is applied to the 85th percentile speed after it is rounded to the nearest 5 mph increment and the required rounding is a rounding down, to establish posted speed limit, an E&TS shall document in writing the conditions and justification for the 5 mph reduction and be approved by a registered Civil or Traffic Engineer. The reasons for the lower speed limit shall be in compliance with CVC §§ 627 and 22358.5. Refer to § 22358.6(b).

12ad. If the 85th percentile speed is rounded down to the lower 5 mph increment, in cases in which the 85th percentile speed

12s. needs to round up to the nearest 5 mph increment, to establish posted speed limit, the speed limit shall not be reduced any further pursuant to CVC § 22358.6(b).

12ae. The total reduction from the 85th percentile speed shall not exceed 12.4 mph. Refer to CVC § 22358.6(e).

Support

12af. Refer to Table 2B-103(CA), which provides examples of 85th-percentile speed values and the application of the speed limit policies and criteria applicable per CVC §§ 22358.6 and 22358.7. CVC § 22358.7 – Safety corridor and Land or Facilities Generating High Concentrations of Bicyclists and Pedestrians

Standard

12ag. Additional lowering of the speed limits from standards, as included in paragraph 12z and Options as described in paragraphs 12aa, and 12ab, is prohibited, except for the roadway segments designated as “safety corridor” or “land or facilities that generate high concentrations of bicyclists and pedestrians” in compliance with CVC §§ 22358.6(d) and

Option

12ah. Caltrans or local authority may additionally lower the speed limits by 5 mph from the final value determined based on paragraphs 12z, 12aa and 12ab if, after completing an E&TS, it finds that the speed limit is still more than is reasonable or safe, for either of the following reasons:

• 1. The portion of a highway has been designated as a safety corridor.
• 2. The portion of highway meets the definition of land or facility that generates high concentrations of bicyclists or pedestrians. CVC § 22358.7(a)(1) – “Safety Corridor” Definition

Standard

12ai. A safety corridor shall be defined as a roadway segment within an overall roadway network where the highest number of serious injury and fatality crashes occur.

12aj. One or more crash weighting factors as provided in paragraph 12ak of this section shall be used to prioritize the locations of fatal and serious injury crashes in developing the “Safety Corridor”.

Option

12ak. The crash weighting factors to prioritize the locations of fatal and serious injury crashes in developing the "Safety Corridor" may include, but are not limited to, the factors included in Table 2B-104(CA).

12al. Data used to determine a safety corridor may be from the most recent E&TS performed. The crash data source may include, but is not limited to, California Highway Patrol’s (CHP) Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS).

Standard

12am The prioritized subset of safety corridors shall:

• 1. Identify specific locations with high crash occurrences.
• 2. Identify corridor-level segments with a pattern of crash reoccurrence.
• 3. Be able to be stratified by mode.

12an. Safety corridors shall represent a prioritized subset of the overall roadway network within an authority’s responsibilities and shall not exceed one-fifth of the overall roadway network.

Guidance

12ao. A jurisdiction should use three to five years of the most recent crash data to determine a safety corridor based on Fatal and Serious Injury data.

Option

12ap. For crash coverage, safety corridors may identify the subset of the overall roadway network where a minimum of 25% of the Fatal + Serious Injury (F+SI) crashes occur.

12aq. To identify logical termini, the geographic extent of a safety corridor may be determined by non-engineering staff.

Standard

12ar. A licensed professional engineer shall sign off on logical termini identified for a safety corridor using existing E&TS.

Option

12as. Crash/Volume rate may be used to provide additional locations to be included in the safety corridor. Local agencies may use proactive measures as indicators. CVC § 22358.7(a)(2) – “Land or facility that generates high concentrations of bicyclists or pedestrians” definition

Standard

A land or facility that generates high concentrations of bicyclists or pedestrians shall be defined as the portion of the highway where one or more of any of the generators listed in Table 2B-105(CA) are present within a distance of 1320 feet longitudinally of highway, and meets condition specified in paragraph 12au.

12au. Crash data demonstrates the highway segment is within the top twenty percent of pedestrian and/or bicyclist fatalities or serious injuries over a three-to-five-year.

12av. A highway segment shall be defined as the portion of the highway where a location that meets the aforementioned criteria is present within a distance of 1320 feet longitudinally of highway.

Option

12aw A highway segment may be longer than 1320 feet longitudinally of highway provided that a minimum of one location within the top twenty percent of fatal and serious injury pedestrian and/or bicyclist crashes within a three-to-five-year period is present for every 1320 feet.

Standard

12ax. The top twenty percent of pedestrian and/or bicyclist fatalities or serious injury crashes within a three to five year period shall be based on the geographic area within the jurisdiction.

Option

12ay. A high concentration of pedestrians and bicyclists may be longer than 1320 feet longitudinally of highway provided that a minimum of one generator is present for every 1320 feet.

12az. Data used to determine high concentration locations may be obtained from the most recently performed E&TS. CVC § 22358.8 (Retain currently adopted or restore immediately prior speed limit)

12ba. Caltrans or a local authority may retain the currently adopted speed limit without further reduction or restore the immediately prior adopted speed limit on a highway that is not a freeway without further reduction as provided in CVC § 22358.8.

Standard

12bb. Currently adopted speed limit or immediately prior adopted speed limit shall only be retained, by Caltrans Director’s Order for SHS or local ordinance for highways under local jurisdiction, if after completing an E&TS, Caltrans or a local authority finds that the speed limit is still more than reasonable or safe, and that speed limit was established with an E&TS and if a registered engineer has evaluated the section of highway and determined that no additional general purpose lanes have been added to the roadway since completion of the traffic survey that established the prior speed limit.

12bc. If Caltrans or a local authority decides to use lower speed limit based on CVC § 22358.8, after completing an E&TS and finding that the speed limit is still more than is reasonable or safe, it shall not be reduced by any more than 5 mph from the currently adopted speed limit nor below the immediately prior speed limit. Refer to CVC § 22358.8(b).

12bd. CVC § 22358.8 shall not be applicable to a roadway that is a freeway. CVC § 22358.9 – Business Activity District

Option

12be. Caltrans or a local authority may, by Caltrans Director’s Order for SHS or local ordinance for highways under local jurisdiction, determine and declare a 25 or 20 mph prima facie speed limit on a highway that is not a freeway and that is contiguous to a business activity district when posted with a sign that indicates a speed limit of 25 or 20 mph if the highway segment meets all of the following conditions:

• 1. A maximum of four traffic lanes.
• 2. A maximum posted 30 mph prima facie speed limit immediately prior to and after the business activity district, if establishing a 25 mph speed limit.
• 3. A maximum posted 25 mph prima facie speed limit immediately prior to and after the business activity district, if establishing a 20 mph speed limit.

12bf. A “business activity district” is that portion of a highway that is not a freeway and the property contiguous thereto that includes central or neighborhood downtowns, urban villages, or zoning designations that prioritize commercial land uses at the downtown or neighborhood scale and meets a least three of the following four requirements:

• 4. No less than 50 percent of the contiguous property fronting the highway consists of retail or dining commercial uses, including outdoor dining, that open directly onto sidewalks adjacent to the highway.
• 5. Parking, including parallel, diagonal, or perpendicular spaces located alongside the highway.
• 6. Traffic control signals or stop signs regulating traffic flow on the highway, located at intervals of no more than 600 feet.
• 7. Marked crosswalk(s) not controlled by a traffic control device.

Standard

12bg. Caltrans or a local authority shall not declare a prima facie speed limit on a portion of a highway where it has already lowered the speed limit as permitted for designated safety corridors (CVC § 22358.7) or using the land or facility adjacent to high concentration of pedestrians and bicyclists (CVC § 22358.7) or retained the currently adopted speed limit (CVC § 22358.8) or have restored the immediately prior adopted speed limit (CVC § 22358.8). Refer to CVC § 22358.9(c).

12bh. CVC § 22358.9 shall not be applicable to a roadway that is a freeway.

Support

12bi. CVC §§ 22358.7, 22358.8 and 22358.9 and their related policies are also applicable on any privately owned and maintained roads or commercial establishments, if the private road or private property has been subjected to the CVC application by the private property owner or a particular city or county enacts an ordinance or resolution to this effect. Refer to CVC §§ 21100, 21100.1, 21107, 21107.5, 21107.6, and 21107.7. Truck Speed Zone on Descending Grades

Guidance

12bj. Highway descending grades, if used for posting TRUCK Speed Limit signs (R2-1 and M4-4P) for trucks travelling downhill, should have recorded incident history of runaway commercial vehicles. Descending grades shorter than 1 mile should be avoided for posting signs because deceleration of vehicles due to braking action can generally provide sufficient control on descending grades of less than 1 mile.

Support

12bk. To establish a downhill truck speed limit, a physical profile showing length and gradient and a downhill speed profile for three or more axle commercial vehicles with a gross rating of 10,000 lbs. or more will be provided.

Standard

12bl. Speed profiles for truck speed limits shall be prepared on the same form as other speed surveys and remain valid for up to 7 years and may be extended to 14 years if conditions are met. An analysis of collisions involving trucks shall be prepared. Speed Traps

Support

12bm Refer to CVC § 40802 for Speed Traps.

Standard

12bn. A speed trap shall not apply to a local street, road, school zone, senior zone, or business activity district.

Support

12bo. Senior zone is an area approaching or passing a senior center building or other facility primarily used by senior citizens, or the grounds thereof that is contiguous to a highway and on which is posted a standard “SENIOR” warning sign pursuant to

12bp. Business activity district is a section of highway described in CVC § 22358.9(b) in which a standard 25 mph or 20 mph speed limit sign has been posted pursuant to CVC § 22358.9(a)(1).

Standard

12bq. A section of highway shall be defined as a speed trap if the prima facie speed limit is not justified by an E&TS within five years, and the enforcement of the speed limit involves the use of radar or any other electronic device that measures the speed of moving objects, or seven years when using radar and all of the criteria specified in Paragraph 12bn are met.

12br. This time provision shall be extended to seven years if the existing speed limit is initially valid for 5 years, when using radar and all of the following criteria are met:
• The arresting officer has successfully completed a minimum of 24 hours of radar operator course. Approved and certified by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training.
• The radar used to measure the speed meets or exceeds the minimal operational standards of the National Traffic Highway Safety Administration, and has been calibrated within three years of the alleged violation.

12bs. This time provision shall be extended to seven years if the existing speed limit is initially valid for 5 years, when using laser or other electronic device (other than radar) and all of the following criteria are met: The arresting officer has successfully completed a minimum of 24 hours of radar operator course. Approved and certified by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training. The arresting officer has successfully completed a minimum of 2 hours of additional training. Course approved and certified by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training . The laser or other electronic device used to measure the speed meets or exceeds the minimal operational standards of the National Traffic Highway Safety Administration, and has been calibrated within three years of the alleged violation.

Option

This time provision for an E&TS may be extended to fourteen years when all of the above conditions are met and no significant changes in roadway or traffic conditions have occurred, including changes in adjoining property or land use, roadway width, or traffic volume as determined by a registered engineer.

Standard

13. The Speed Limit (R2-1) sign (see Figure 2B-3) shall display the limit established by law, ordinance, resolution, regulation, or as adopted by the authorized agency based on an engineering study. The speed limits displayed shall be in multiples of 5 mph.

14. Speed Limit (R2-1) signs, indicating speed limits for which posting is required by law, shall be located at the points of change from one speed limit to another.

Guidance

14a. Sections 2A.13 and 2A.16 provide guidance provisions on the location and lateral offset for signs.

Option

14b. Where speed zones are longer than 1-mile, intermediate signs may be placed at approximate 1 mile intervals.

14c. For three or more lanes in each direction, dual installation on both the left-side and right-side of the roadway may be used.

Standard

14d. Freeways with a speed limit, 65 mph or 70 mph, Speed Limit (R2-1) signs shall be posted as follows:
• At the beginning of the segment, on the right-hand side of the roadway.
• Subsequently throughout the segment, at a maximum of 10-mile interval and immediately after locations where significant volumes of traffic enter the segment, on the right-hand side of the roadway.

Option

• The 10-mile interval may be modified to include locations following entrance ramps.

Standard

14e. Freeways segment where with a speed limit 55 mph, Speed Limit (R2-1) signs shall be posted as follows:
• The beginning of the segment on the right-hand side of the roadway.
• Subsequently throughout the segment, at maximum 3-mile interval and immediately after locations where significant volumes of traffic enter the segment with no more than 3 interchanges between signs, on the right-hand side of the roadway.

14f. Expressways with a speed limit 55 mph or 65 mph, Speed Limit (R2-1) signs shall be posted as follows:
• At the beginning of the segment, on the right-hand side of the roadway.
• Subsequently throughout the segment, at 3- to 5-mile intervals and immediately after locations where significant volumes of traffic enter the segment, on the right-hand side of the roadway.

14g. Conventional highways with a speed limit 55 mph or 65 mph, Speed Limit (R2-1) signs shall be posted as follows:
• At the beginning of the segment, on the right-hand side of the roadway.
• Subsequently throughout the segment, at maximum 5- to 10-mile intervals and immediately after locations where significant volumes of traffic enter the segment, on the right-hand side of the roadway.

Option

14h. Pavement markings with appropriate numerals (refer to Section 3B.20) may be used to supplement speed limit signs.

Standard

15. At the downstream end of the section to which a particular speed limit applies, a Speed Limit sign showing the next speed limit shall be installed.

16. Speed Limit signs indicating the statutory speed limits shall be installed at entrances to the State and, where

12bt. appropriate, at jurisdictional boundaries in urban areas.

Guidance

17. Additional Speed Limit signs should be installed beyond interchanges and major intersections and at other locations where it is necessary to remind road users of the speed limit that is applicable.

Standard

17a. The Speed Zone Ahead (R2-4(CA)) sign shall always be followed by a Speed Limit (R2-1) sign installed at the beginning of the zone where the speed limit applies.

17b. The End Speed Limit (R3(CA)) signs, shall be placed at the end of the final speed zone, before the highway reverts to maximum statutory speed limit.

17c. The End Speed Limit (R3(CA)) sign shall only be used to mark the end of a speed zone.

17d. The End Speed Limit (R3(CA)) sign shall not be used at a transition into a change in speed limits within a reduced zone.

17e. The End Speed Limit (R3(CA)) signs, shall be placed at the end of all speed zones and within a reasonable distance of no greater than 1000 ft from the next Speed Limit (R2-1) sign.

Option

17f. The Speed Zone Ahead (R2-4(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-3(CA)) may be used to inform the motorist of a speed zone.

17g. The End Truck Speed Limit (R2-14) sign or the R3(CA) sign (refer to Figure 2B-3(CA)) with the TRUCK (M4-4P) plaque may be used to mark the end of truck speed zones on descending grades.

17h. The SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT (R4-3) signs may be installed at locations where there is a tendency of the motorists to drive in the left-hand lane(s) below the normal speed of traffic. Truck and Bus Speed Limit Signs Standard

17i. The TRUCKS, 3 AXLES OR MORE 55 (R6-3B(CA)) sign, the ALL VEHICLES WHEN TOWING 55 (R6-4B(CA)) sign, or the Speed Limit (R2-1) sign and the TRUCK SPEED LIMIT(R2-2P) plaque, shall be placed to indicate the truck speed limit in all truck speed zones.

17j. The Speed Limit (R2-1) sign and the BUS SPEED LIMIT (R2-2aP(CA)) plaque shall be placed to indicate bus speed limit in all bus speed zones.

Support

17k. Refer to Section 2B.22 for TRUCK and BUS speed zone signs.

Support

18. The “Traffic Control Devices Handbook” contains suggested criteria on the spacing of speed limit signs.

18a. Refer to FHWA’s List of Known Errors for error in Paragraph 18 text. Refer to Section 1A.04 for more details.

Guidance

18b. The Speed Limit (R2-1) signs and R6-3B(CA) and R6-4B(CA) signs should be placed in a location to be most effectively viewed by the approaching motorists.

Standard

18c. When used, the TRUCKS, 3 AXLES OR MORE 55 (R6-3B(CA)) sign shall be installed approximately 750 feet following each R2-1 sign, both at the beginning and throughout each 60, 65 or 70 mph segment.

18d. The ALL VEHICLES WHEN TOWING 55 (R6-4B(CA)) sign shall be installed approximately 750 feet following the R63B(CA) sign.

Guidance

18e. The R6-3B(CA) and R6-4B(CA) signs should be placed on highway segments where speeds in excess of 55 mph are permitted.

Option

18f. The existing AUTOS WITH TRAILERS, TRUCKS 55 MAXIMUM (R6-1(CA)) sign may remain in place until it is knocked down, damaged, stolen, vandalized, or otherwise reaches the end of its useful life.

18g. The local California Highway Patrol office may be consulted to identify highway segments where enforcement is an issue. On these segments early replacement of existing R6-1(CA) signs may be necessary.

Support

18h. Refer to CVC § 22406 for types of vehicles subject to the 55 mph maximum speed limit.

Option

19. If a jurisdiction has a policy of installing Speed Limit signs in accordance with statutory requirements only on the streets that enter a city, neighborhood, or residential area to indicate the speed limit that is applicable to the entire city, neighborhood, or residential area unless otherwise posted, a CITYWIDE (R2- 5aP), NEIGHBORHOOD (R2-5bP), or RESIDENTIAL (R2-5cP) plaque may be mounted above the Speed Limit sign and an UNLESS OTHERWISE POSTED (R2-5P) plaque may be mounted below the Speed Limit sign (see Figure 2B-3).

Support

20. Section 2C.40 contains information about the use of speed zone signs to inform road users of a reduced or variable speed zone to provide advance notice to comply with the posted speed limit ahead.

Option

21. If a W3-5b sign is posted to provide notice of a variable speed zone, an END VARIABLE SPEED LIMIT (R2-13) sign (see Figure 2B-3) may be installed at the downstream end of the zone to provide notice to road users of the termination of the speed zone.

Standard

22. If a W3-5c sign is posted to provide notice of a truck speed zone, an END TRUCK SPEED LIMIT (R2-14) sign (see Figure 2B-3) shall be installed at the downstream end of the zone to provide notice to road users of the termination of the speed zone.

Guidance

23. An advisory speed plaque (see Section 2C.59) mounted below a warning sign should be used to warn road users of an advisory speed for a roadway condition. A Speed Limit sign should not be used for this purpose.

24. Advance traffic control warning signs (see Section 2C.35), intersection warning signs (see Section 2C.41), and/or other traffic control devices are appropriate warning prior to a signalized intersection. A Speed Limit sign should not be used for this purpose.

Option

25. Two types of Speed Limit signs may be used: one to designate passenger car speeds, including any nighttime information or maximum or minimum speed limit that might apply; and the other to show any special speed limits for trucks and other vehicles.

Guidance

26. No more than three speed limits should be displayed on any one Speed Limit sign or assembly. Speed Enforced Signs

Option

26a The SPEED ENFORCED BY RADAR (R48(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-3(CA)) may be used where the California Highway Patrol has received authority to use radar and requests such signs.

Guidance

26b One sign should be used in each direction at the beginning of the segment of roadway, and at intervening major route intersections, where radar enforcement is in effect.

Support

26c The R48(CA) sign is a stand-alone sign intended to alert motorists that speed is enforced by radar on a particular segment of roadway.

Option

26d The RADAR ENFORCED (R48-1P(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-3(CA)) may be used in combination with the Speed Limit (R2-1) sign on any roadway where law enforcement has the authority to use radar.

Guidance

26e When used, the R48-1P(CA) sign should be placed below the R2-1 sign, at the beginning of the segment of roadway and at intervening major intersections, where radar enforcement is in effect.

Option

26f. The SPEED ENFORCED BY AIRCRAFT (R48-2(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-3(CA)) may be placed, when requested by the California Highway Patrol, on sections of highway regularly patrolled by aircraft.

Standard

26g The R48-2(CA) sign shall be used for both directions of travel.

Guidance

26h The R48-2(CA) sign should be placed at the beginning of the section and spaced at 25-mile intervals. Speed Zones in Temporary Traffic Control Areas

Support

26i. For signing and establishing speed zones in temporary traffic control areas, refer to Section 6B.01 in Part 6. Traffic Signals within Speed Zones

Standard

26j. An agency changing the speed limits within its jurisdiction shall report the speed limit change to the agency operating and maintaining traffic signals within the speed zone no later than 30 days before changing the posted speed limit.

Support

26k. Changing the signal timing and adjusting the advance detector loops based on the revised speed limits can enhance the operations of the traffic signal. Use of Metric System Designations – Refer to CVC § 21351.3

Option

26l. Dual units for speed limits on signs may be placed on local streets and roads in both Metric and English units.

Guidance

26m. If used, dual unit speed limits should be rounded to the nearest 10 km/h for Metric and 5 mph for English units for posting on signs on local streets and roads.

Support

26n. Refer to AASHTO’s Traffic Engineering Metric Conversion Factors. Refer to Section 1A.05 for information regarding this publication.

Standard

26o. Metric speed limits shall not be placed on State highways.

Option

27. A variable speed limit sign that changes the speed limit for traffic and ambient conditions may be installed provided that the appropriate speed limit is displayed at the proper times and locations in accordance with Paragraphs 9 and 10 of this Section.

Standard

28. The variable speed limit sign legend “SPEED LIMIT” shall be a black legend on a white retroreflective background. The variable speed limit legend shall be displayed in white LEDs on an opaque black background.

Support

29. Section 2C.13 contains information about the use of a Vehicle Speed Feedback plaque mounted below a Speed Limit sign that displays to approaching drivers the speed at which they are traveling.

30. Advisory speed signs and plaques are discussed in Sections 2C.12 and 2C.59. Temporary traffic control zone speed signs are discussed in Part 6. The WORK ZONE (G20-5aP) plaque intended for installation above a Speed Limit sign is discussed in Section 6G.08. School Speed Limit signs are discussed in Section 7B.05.

§2B.22 Vehicle Speed Limit Plaques (R2-2P Series)

Standard

01. Where a special speed limit applies to certain classes of vehicles, the Truck Speed Limit (R2-2P) plaque, Bus Speed Limit (R2-2aP) plaque, Truck-Bus Speed Limit (R2-2bP) plaque, or Vehicles over X Tons Speed Limit (R2-2cP) plaque (see Figure 2B-3) shall be displayed below the Speed Limit (R2-1) sign, except as provided in Paragraph 2 of this Section.

Option

01a. Where a special speed limit applies to certain classes of vehicles, the TRUCKS, 3 AXLES OR MORE 55 (R6-3B(CA)) sign followed by the ALL VEHICLES WHEN TOWING 55 (R6-4B(CA)) sign may be used. Refer to Section 2B.21 and CVC § 22406.

02. The legend of a Vehicle Speed Limit (R2-2P series) plaque may be combined in a single sign and displayed below the SPEED LIMIT XX legend, similar to the Combined Maximum and Minimum Speed Limits (R2-4a) sign (see Section A different vehicle class legend may be substituted on the R2-2P series plaque for other classes of vehicles not included in Paragraph 1 of this Section.

§2B.23 Night Speed Limit Plaque (R2-3P)

Standard

01. Where different speed limits are prescribed for day and night, both limits shall be posted.

Guidance

02. A Night Speed Limit (R2-3P) plaque (see Figure 2B-3) should be reversed using a white retroreflective legend and border on a black background.

Option

03. A Night Speed Limit plaque may be combined with or installed below the standard Speed Limit (R2- 1) sign.

Support

04. Refer to CVC § 22355.

§2B.24 Minimum Speed Limit Plaque (R2-4P) and Combined Maximum and Minimum Speed Limits Sign (R2-4a)

Standard

01. A Minimum Speed Limit (R2-4P) plaque (see Figure 2B-3) shall be displayed only in combination with a Speed Limit sign. Where used, the R2-4P plaque shall be mounted below a Speed Limit (R2-1) sign.

Option

02. Where engineering judgment determines that slow speeds on a highway might impede the normal and reasonable movement of traffic, the Minimum Speed Limit (R2-4P) plaque may be installed below a Speed Limit (R2-1) sign to indicate the minimum legal speed. In lieu of a sign assembly with the R2-1 sign and R2- 4P plaque, the Combined Maximum and Minimum Speed Limits (R2-4a) sign may be used.

Support

03. Refer to CVC § 22400.

§2B.25 Higher Fines Signs and Plaque (R2-6P, R2-10, and R2-11)

Standard

01. Except as provided in Paragraph 3 of this Section, if increased fines are imposed for traffic violations within a designated zone of a roadway, a BEGIN HIGHER DOUBLE FINES ZONE (R2-10) sign (see Figure 2B-3) or a FINES HIGHER DOUBLE (R2-6aP) plaque (see Figure 2B-3) shall be used to provide notice to road users.

02. If an R2-10 sign or an R2-6P plaque is posted to provide notice of increased fines for traffic violations, an END HIGHER DOUBLE FINES ZONE (R2-11) sign (see Figure 2B-3) shall be installed at the downstream end of the zone to provide notice to road users of the termination of the increased fines zone.

Option

03. The BEGIN HIGHER DOUBLE FINES ZONE (R2-10) sign or FINES HIGHER DOUBLE (R2-6aP) plaque may be omitted where the higher double fines zone is established by statute.

Guidance

04. The BEGIN HIGHER DOUBLE FINES ZONE sign or FINES HIGHER DOUBLE plaque should be located at the beginning of the temporary traffic control zone, school zone, or other applicable designated zone and just beyond any interchanges, major intersections, or other major traffic generators.

05. Agencies should limit the use of the Higher Double Fines signs and plaque to locations where work is actually underway, or to locations where the roadway, shoulder, or other conditions, including the presence of a school zone and/or a reduced school speed limit zone, require a speed reduction or extra caution on the part of the road user.

Standard

06. The Higher Double Fines signs and plaque shall have a black legend and border on a white rectangular background. All supplemental plaques mounted below the Higher Double Fines signs and plaque shall have a black legend and border on a white rectangular background.

07. The FINES HIGHER DOUBLE plaque shall be mounted below an applicable regulatory or warning sign in a temporary traffic control zone (see Section 6G.08), a school zone (see Section 7B.06), or other applicable designated zone.

Option

08. Alternate legends such as BEGIN (or END) DOUBLE FINES ZONE may also be used for the R2-10 and R2-11 signs.

09. The legend FINES HIGHER on the R2-6P plaque may be replaced by FINES DOUBLE (R2-6aP), $XX FINE (R201 6bP), or another legend appropriate to the specific regulation (see Figure 2B-3). The following may be mounted below an R2-10 sign or R2-6P plaque:

• A. A supplemental plaque specifying the times that the higher fines are in effect (similar to the S4-1P plaque shown in Figure 7B-1),
• B. A supplemental plaque WHEN CHILDREN (WORKERS) ARE PRESENT, or
• C. A supplemental plaque WHEN FLASHING (similar to the S4-4P plaque shown in Figure 7B-1) if used in conjunction with a Speed Limit Sign Beacon (see Section 4S.04).

Support

11. In California, as per CVC only doubling of the fines is allowed, not higher fines of other denominations. Refer to CVC § 42010 for Safety Enhancement-Double Fine Zone and Section 6G.08 and CVC § 42009 for fines for offenses committed in highway construction or maintenance area.

Standard

12. The SPECIAL DRIVING ZONE BEGINS HERE – DOUBLE FINE ZONE (SR53(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-3(CA)) shall be placed at the beginning of those portions of highways designated and identified as Safety Enhancement – Double Fine Zones per CVC § 42010.

13. The SPECIAL DRIVING ZONE ENDS HERE (SR55(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-3(CA)) shall be placed at the end of those portions of highways designated and identified as Safety Enhancement – Double Fine Zones per CVC § 42010.

Guidance

14. The DOUBLE FINE ZONE (SR54(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-3(CA)) should be placed at major intersections to those portions of highways designated and identified as Safety Enhancement – Double Fine Zone, per CVC § 42010, to advise motorists upon entering the highway that they are in a double fine zone.

MOVEMENT AND LANE CONTROL SIGNS AND PLAQUES

§2B.26 Movement Prohibition Signs (R3-1 through R3-4, R3-18, and R3-27)

Support

Motorists can make a semicircular or U-turn on a green signal or green arrow except where such turn is prohibited by signs. Refer to CVC 21451 and 21454.

00a. Local authorities, by ordinance, may prohibit the making of any turning movement by any vehicle at any intersection or between any designated intersections. Refer to CVC 22113.

00b. Refer to Section 2B.01 for information on ordinances and resolutions by local authorities that affect State highways.

Option

00c. Caltrans may restrict turning movements on State highways. Refer to CVC 21352.

Support

00d. A thorough investigation is necessary to determine whether or not the prohibited movements can be satisfactorily made at other locations without undue circuitry of travel.

00e. Refer to CVC 22101 for Turn Prohibition signs.

Standard

01. Movement Prohibition signs (see Figure 2B-4) shall be installed where specific movements are prohibited at an intersection approach except as provided in Paragraphs 13 and 17 of this Section.

Guidance

02. Movement Prohibition signs should only be used to prohibit a turn or through movement from an entire approach and should not be used to designate movements that are required or permitted from a specific lane or lanes on a multilane approach.

03. Movement Prohibition signs should be placed where they will be most easily seen by road users who might be intending to make the movement.

04. If a No Right Turn (R3-1) sign (see Figure 2B-4) is used, at least one should be placed either over the roadway or at a right-hand corner of the intersection.

Standard

05. If a No Left Turn (R3-2) sign (see Figure 2B-4) is used, at least one should shall be placed over the roadway, at the far left corner of the intersection, on a median, or in conjunction with the STOP sign or YIELD sign located on the near right corner.

Guidance

06. Except as provided in Item C in Paragraph 11 of this Section for signalized locations, if a NO TURNS (R3-3) sign (see Figure 2B-4) is used, two signs should be used, one at a location specified for a No Right Turn sign and one at a location specified for a No Left Turn sign.

Standard

06a. The NO TURNS (R3-3) sign shall be used in advance of an intersection to indicate that turns are prohibited.

Guidance

07. If a No U-Turn (R3-4) sign (see Figure 2B-4) or a combination No U or Left Turn (R3-18) sign (see Figure 2B-4) is used, at least one should be used at a location specified for a No Left Turn sign.

07a. The appropriate R3-4 or R3-18 sign should be placed as follows:

• A. On undivided roads without traffic signals, place on the near right and far left corners of the intersection.
• B. On undivided roads with traffic signals, place on the far right and far left corners of the intersection, or on the signal mast arm.
• C. On divided roads at both signalized and unsignalized intersections, place in the median on the near and far side of the intersection, and on the signal mast arm at signalized intersections.

Standard

08. If both left turns and U-turns are prohibited, the combination No U or Left Turn (R3-18) sign should shall be used instead of separate R3-2 and R3-4 signs.

08a. The No U-Turn (R3-4) sign shall be used where U turns are prohibited except when Intersection Lane Control signs (R73(CA) Series) signs are used at signalized intersections with separate left turn phases.

08b. The R73(CA) series signs shall be installed adjacent to a signal face viewed by road users of the projection of the lane to which it applies.

Support

09. Sections 2B.27 through 2B.30 contain information regarding lane control signs that indicate the required or permitted movements from individual lanes.

Guidance

10. If a No Straight Through (R3-27) sign (see Figure 2B-4) is used, at least one should be placed either over the roadway or at a location where it can be seen by road users who might be intending to travel straight through the intersection.

11. If turn prohibition signs are installed in conjunction with traffic control signals:

• A. The No Right Turn sign should be installed adjacent to a signal face viewed by road users in the right-hand lane.
• B. The No Left Turn (or No U-Turn or combination No U or Left Turn) sign should be installed adjacent to a signal face viewed by road users in the left-hand lane.
• C. A NO TURNS sign should be placed adjacent to a signal face viewed by all road users on that approach, or two signs should be used.

Option

12. If turn prohibition signs are installed in conjunction with traffic control signals, an additional turn prohibition sign may be post-mounted to supplement the sign mounted overhead.

13. Where ONE WAY signs are used (see Section 2B.49), No Left Turn and No Right Turn signs may be omitted.

Standard

13a. On one-way roads, the No Right/Left Turn (R3-1/R3-2) sign shall be placed at the near right/left corner facing traffic approaching the intersection.

Option

14. Where the movement restriction applies to certain vehicle classes, signs incorporating a supplementary legend, modified as appropriate, may be used to indicate the specific vehicle class restriction (R3-1b through R3-1d) or exception (R3-1e and R3-1f) (see Figure 2B-4). When the movement restriction applies during certain time periods only, the following Movement Prohibition signing alternatives may be used and are listed in order of preference:

• A. A blank-out or changeable message sign (see Chapter 2L) that displays the prohibited movement only during the time that the movement prohibition is applicable, especially at signalized intersections.
• B. Permanently-mounted signs incorporating a supplementary legend showing the hours and days during which the prohibition is applicable (R3-1g and R3-1h) (see Figure 2B-4).
• C. Portable signs, installed by proper authority, located off the roadway at each corner of the intersection. The portable signs are only to be used during the time that the movement prohibition is applicable.

Standard

15. The blank-out part-time electronic-display Movement Prohibition sign shall consist of a red circle and diagonal with a white prohibited movement on an opaque black background.

Option

16. Movement Prohibition signs may be omitted at a ramp entrance to an expressway or a channelized intersection where the design is such as to indicate clearly the one-way traffic movement on the ramp or turning lane.

Standard

17. The No Left Turn (R3-2) sign, the No U-Turn (R3-4) sign, and the combination No U or Left Turn (R3-18) sign shall not be used at approaches to roundabouts to prohibit drivers from turning left onto the circulatory roadway of a roundabout.

Support

18. At roundabouts, the use of R3-2, R3-4, or R3-18 signs to prohibit left turns onto the circulatory roadway might confuse drivers about the possible legal turning movements around the roundabout. Roundabout Circulation (R6-5P) plaques (see Section 2B.51) and/or ONE WAY (R6-1 or R6-2) signs are appropriate to indicate the travel direction within a roundabout.

§2B.27 Intersection Lane Control Signs (R3-5 through R3-8)

Standard

01. Intersection Lane Control signs (see Figure 2B-4), if used, shall require road users in certain lanes to turn, shall permit turns from a lane where such turns would otherwise not be permitted, shall require a road user to stay in the same lane and proceed straight through an intersection, or shall indicate permitted movements from a lane.

Support

02. Intersection Lane Control signs have three applications:

• A. Mandatory Movement Lane Control (R3-5 series and R3-7 series) signs,
• B. Optional Movement Lane Control (R3-6 series) signs, and
• C. Advance Intersection Lane Control (R3-8 series) signs.

Guidance

03. When Intersection Lane Control signs are mounted overhead, each sign used should be placed over the lane or a projection of the lane to which it applies.

04. On signalized approaches where through lanes that become mandatory turn lanes, multiple-lane turns that include shared lanes for through and turning movements, or other lane-use regulations are present that would be unexpected by unfamiliar road users, overhead Intersection Lane Control signs should be installed at the signalized location over the appropriate lanes or projections thereof and in advance of the intersection over the appropriate lanes.

05. Where overhead mounting on the approach is impracticable for the Advance and/or Intersection lane Control signs, one of the following alternatives should be employed:

• A. At locations where through lanes become mandatory turn lanes, a Mandatory Movement Lane Control (R3-7) sign should be post-mounted on the left-hand side of the roadway where a through lane is becoming a mandatory left-turn lane on a one-way street or where a median of sufficient width for the signs is available, or on the right-hand side of the roadway where a through lane is becoming a mandatory right-turn lane.
• B. At locations where a through lane is becoming a mandatory left-turn lane on a two-way street where a median of sufficient width for the signs is not available, and at locations where multiple-lane turns that include shared lanes for through and turning movements are present, an Advance Intersection Lane Control (R3-8 series) sign should be post-mounted in a prominent location in advance of the intersection, and consideration should be given to the use of an oversized version in accordance with Table 2B-1 and 2B-1(CA).

Support

05a. Refer to FHWA’s List of Known Errors for error in Paragraph 5 text. Refer to Section 1A.04 for more details.

Guidance

06. Use of an overhead sign for one approach lane should not require installation of overhead signs for the other lanes of that approach.

Option

07. Intersection Lane Control signs may be omitted where:

• A. A turn bay has been provided by physical construction or pavement markings, and
• B. Only the road users using such turn bays are permitted to make a turn in that direction.

08. At roundabouts, Intersection Lane Control (R3-5, R3-6, and R3-8 series) signs may display any of the arrow symbol options shown in Figure 2B-5.

09. The Intersection Lane Control (R61(CA) Series and R73(CA) Series) signs (refer to Figure 2B-4(CA)) may be used to indicate the types of movements permitted at intersections.

Support

10. Refer to Section 2B.26 for use of the R73(CA) series signs when a NO U-TURN is required.

§2B.28 Mandatory Movement Lane Control Signs (R3-5, R3-5a, R3-7, R3-19 Series, and R3-20)

and Plaques

Standard

01. Mandatory Movement Lane Control (R3-5, R3-5a, and R3-7) signs (see Figure 2B-4), if used, shall indicate only the single vehicle movement that is required from the lane.

02. The Mandatory Movement Lane Control (R3-5 and R3-5a) symbol signs shall include the legend ONLY and shall be mounted overhead over the specific lanes or projections thereof to which they apply (see Section 2B.27). The R3-7 sign shall be for post-mounting only. The R3-7 sign shall not be mounted at the far side of the intersection.

03. When the mandatory movement applies to lanes exclusively designated for HOV traffic, the HOV 2+ (R35cP) supplemental plaque shall be used. When the mandatory movement applies to lanes that are not HOV facilities, but are lanes exclusively designated for buses and/or taxis, the TAXI LANE (R3-5dP) and/or BUS LANE (R3-5gP) supplemental plaques shall be used.

04. If used, the Mandatory Movement Lane Control (R3-7) sign shall be located in advance of the intersection, such as near the upstream end of the mandatory movement lane, and/or at the near side of the intersection where the regulation applies.

Guidance

05. The use of the Mandatory Movement Lane Control (R3-7) word message sign should be limited to only locations that are adjacent to the full-width portion of a mandatory turn lane. The R3-7 sign should not be installed adjacent to a through lane in advance of a turn bay taper or adjacent to a turn bay taper.

06. Mandatory Movement Lane Control signs should be accompanied by lane-use arrow markings, especially where traffic volumes are high, where there is a high percentage of commercial vehicles, or where other distractions exist.

07. Where the restriction does not apply to buses or bicycles an EXCEPT BUSES (R3-7aP) or EXCEPT BICYCLES (R3-7bP) plaque should be used.

Option

08. The Through Only (R3-5a) sign may be used to require a road user in a particular lane to proceed straight through an intersection.

09. The diamond symbol may be used instead of the word message HOV on the R3-5cP supplemental plaque.

10. Where a mandatory left or U-turn lane is added at a median location, a LANE FOR LEFT TURN ONLY (R3-19) or LANE FOR U TURN ONLY (R3-19a) sign may be post-mounted on the median at the beginning of the taper. Where a U turn and a left turn are both allowed, a LANE FOR U AND LEFT TURNS ONLY (R3-19b) sign may be used. Where a R3-19 series sign is used, Mandatory Movement Lane Control signs along the turn lane in the median may be omitted.

11. The R3-19 series signs may be used where the added median turn lane is separated from the through lanes by a channelizing or divisional island.

12. On an approach to a mandatory turn lane where traffic regularly enters the shoulder to access the turn lane inappropriately, creating safety or operational issues, a DO NOT DRIVE ON SHOULDER (R4-17) sign (see Section 2B.43) may be used to supplement the standard Mandatory Movement Lane Control (R3-5 and/or R3-7 series) signs.

Support

13. Refer to CVC 22101 for Mandatory Movement Lane Control signs.

Guidance

14. Signs or markings should be repeated in advance of mandatory turn lanes when necessary to prevent entrapment and to help motorists select the appropriate lane before reaching the end of the line of waiting vehicles.

Support

15. Refer to Section 2C.50 for warning signs used in advance of the R3-7 sign.

Guidance

16. The RIGHT (LEFT) LANE FREEWAY ONLY (R18B(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-4(CA)) should be used on non-freeway facilities to indicate that a particular lane only leads to a freeway entrance and on to the freeway. The sign should be used in conjunction with, and at the beginning of, the 8 inch solid white lines indicating that traffic in that lane has a mandatory movement leading to a freeway

§2B.29 Optional Movement Lane Control Signs (R3-6 Series)

Standard

01. Optional Movement Lane Control (R3-6, R3-6a and R3-6b) signs (see Figure 2B-4), if used, shall be used for two or more movements from a specific lane or to emphasize permitted movements. The Optional Movement Lane Control sign shall be mounted overhead over the specific lane or projections thereof to which it applies.

02. If used, the Optional Movement Lane Control signs shall indicate all permissible movements from specific lanes.

03. Because more than one movement is permitted from the lane, the word message ONLY shall not be used on an Optional Movement Lane Control sign.

04. Optional Movement Lane Control signs shall be used for two or more movements from a specific lane where a movement, not allowed by State statute or local ordinance, is permitted.

05. The Optional Movement Lane Control signs shall not be used alone to effect a turn prohibition.

Guidance

If used, the Optional Movement Lane Control sign should be located overhead in advance of the intersection, such as near the upstream end of an adjacent mandatory movement lane, and/or overhead at the intersection where the regulation applies.

§2B.30 Advance Intersection Lane Control Signs (R3-8 Series)

Guidance

01. Advance Intersection Lane Control (R3-8, R3-8a, and R3-8b) signs (see Figure 2B-4) may should be used to indicate the configuration of all lanes ahead where there are optional lanes, mandatory turn lanes without turning bays or un-shadowed turn lanes.

Option

02. The word messages ONLY, THRU, HOV 2+, TAXI, FWY, TRUCKS OK, BUS, or BIKE, or the bicycle symbol, may be used within the border in combination with the arrow symbols of the R3-8 sign series. The R3-5cP, R3-5dP, and R3-5gP supplemental plaques may be installed at the top outside border of the R3-8 sign over the applicable lane designation on the sign. The diamond symbol may be used instead of the word message HOV. The minimum allowable vehicle occupancy requirement may vary based on the level established for a particular facility.

03. Where a bicycle lane is between two general-purpose lanes the R3-8 series signs may be modified to show the bicycle lane with a white legend on a black background in accordance with designs of the R3-8x series signs (see Figure

Guidance

04. When used, an Advance Intersection Lane Control sign should be placed at an adequate distance in advance of the intersection, either along the lane tapers or at the beginning of the turn lane so that road users can select the appropriate lane (see Figure 2A-4).

Option

04a. Advance Intersection Lane Control (R3-8, R3-8a, and R3-8b) signs may be installed at the intersection of short storage capacity.

05. An Advance Intersection Lane Control sign may be repeated closer to the intersection along the approach for additional emphasis.

Standard

06. An Advance Intersection Lane Control (R3-8 series) sign shall not be mounted at the far side of an intersection to which it applies.

07. Where three or more approach lanes are available to traffic, Advance Intersection Lane Control (R3-8 series) signs, if used, shall be post-mounted in advance of the intersection and shall not be mounted overhead.

08. When only the two outermost lanes of the roadway are shown on a R3-8 sign, the R3-5bP or R3- 5fP plaque shall be mounted above the R3-8 sign.

§2B.31 RIGHT (LEFT) LANE MUST EXIT Signs (R3-33, R3-33a)

Option

01. A RIGHT (LEFT) LANE MUST EXIT (R3-33) sign (see Figure 2B-4) may be used to supplement an overhead EXIT ONLY guide sign to inform road users that traffic in the right-hand (left-hand) lane of a roadway that is approaching a grade-separated interchange is required to depart the roadway on the exit ramp at the next interchange.

Standard

01a. The RIGHT (LEFT) LANE MUST EXIT (R3-33) sign (refer to Figure 2B-4) shall be used to indicate a freeway lane drop. The R3-33 sign shall be placed at the beginning of the 8 inch solid white line approaching the exit ramp.

Option

02. The R3-33a sign (see Figure 2B-4) may be used in place of the R3-33 sign where the roadside width is limited and will not accommodate the R3-33 sign.

02a. The R18C(CA) or R18D(CA) sign (refer to Figure 2B-4(CA)) may be used in place of the R3-33 or R3-33a sign where there are multiple lanes required to depart the roadway on the exit ramp at the next interchange.

Support

03. Section 2C.50 contains information regarding a warning sign that can be used in advance of lane drops at gradeChapter 2B – Regulatory Signs, Barricade, and Gates separated interchanges.

§2B.32 Two-Way Left-Turn-Only Signs (R3-9a and R3-9b) and Plaques

Guidance

01. A Two-Way Left-Turn-Only (R3-9a or R3-9b) sign (see Figure 2B-6) should be used in conjunction with the required pavement markings where a non-reversible lane is reserved for the exclusive use of left- turning vehicles in either direction and is not used for passing, overtaking, or through travel.

Option

02. The post-mounted R3-9b sign may be used as an alternate to or a supplement to the overhead R3-9a sign. The legend BEGIN or END may be used within the border of the main sign itself, or on an R3-9cP or R3-9dP plaque (see Figure 2B-6) mounted immediately above it.

Support

03. Signing is especially helpful to drivers in areas where the two-way left-turn-only maneuver is new, in areas subject to environmental conditions that frequently obscure the pavement markings, and on peripheral streets with two-way left-turn-only lanes leading to an extensive system of routes with two-way left-turn-only lanes.

04. Refer to Figure 3A-108(CA) and Figure 3B-7(CA) for pavement marking applications for Two-Way Left Turn Lanes.

§2B.33 BEGIN and END Plaques (R3-9cP and R3-9dP)

Option

The BEGIN (R3-9cP) or END (R3-9dP) plaque (see Figure 2B-6), mounted directly above a regulatory sign, may be used to inform road users of the location where a regulatory condition begins or ends.

§2B.34 Reversible Lane Control Signs (R3-9e through R3-9i)

Option

A reversible lane may be used for through traffic (with left turns either permitted or prohibited) in alternating directions during different periods of the day, and the lane may be used for exclusive left turns in one or both directions during other periods of the day as well. Reversible Lane Control (R3-9e through R3-9i) signs (see Figure 2B-6) may be either static type or changeable message type. These signs may be either post- mounted or overhead. Lane-use control signals (see Chapter 4T) may also be used for reversible lanes.

Standard

02. Where it is determined by an engineering study that lane-use control signals or physical barriers are not necessary, the lane shall be controlled by overhead Reversible Lane Control signs (see Figure 2B-7).

03. Post-mounted Reversible Lane Control signs shall be used only as a supplement to overhead signs or signals. Post-mounted signs shall be identical in design to the overhead signs and an additional legend such as CENTER LANE shall be added to the top of the sign (R3-9f) to indicate which lane is controlled.

Option

04. Reversing traffic flow may be controlled with pavement markings and Reversible Lane Control signs (without the use of lane-use control signals), when all of the following conditions are met:

• A. Only one lane is being reversed,
• B. An engineering study indicates that the use of Reversible Lane Control signs alone would result in an acceptable level of safety and efficiency, and
• C. There are no unusual or complex operations in the reversible lane pattern.

Standard

05. Reversible Lane Control signs shall contain the legend or symbols designating the allowable uses of the lane and the time periods such uses are allowed. Where symbols and legends are used, their meanings shall be as shown in Table 2B-2.

06. Reversible Lane Control signs shall consist of a white background with a black legend and border, except for the R3-9e sign, where the color red is used for the X symbol.

07. Symbol signs, such as the R3-9e sign, shall consist of the appropriate symbol in the upper portion of the sign with the appropriate times of the day and days of the week below it. All times of the day and days of the week shall be accounted for on the sign to eliminate confusion to the road user.

08. In situations where more than one message is conveyed to the road user, such as on the R3-9e sign, the sign

01. legend shall be arranged as follows:

• A. The prohibition or restriction message is the primary legend and shall be on the top for word message signs and to the far left for symbol signs,
• B. The permissive use message shall be displayed as the second legend, and
• C. The OTHER TIMES message shall be displayed at the bottom for word message signs and to the far right for symbol signs.

Option

09. The symbol signs may also include a downward-pointing arrow with the legend THIS LANE. The term OTHER TIMES may be used for either the symbol or word message sign.

Standard

10. A Reversible Lane Control sign shall be mounted over the approximate center of the lane that is being reversed.

11. If the vertical or horizontal alignment is curved to the degree that a driver would be unable to see at least one sign, and preferably two signs, then additional overhead signs shall be installed. The placement of the signs shall be such that the driver will have a definite indication of the lanes specifically reserved for use at any given time. Special consideration shall be given to major generators introducing traffic between the normal sign placement.

12. Transitions at the entry to and exit from a section of roadway with reversible lanes shall include advance signs to notify or warn drivers of the boundaries of the reversible lane controls. The R3-9g or R3-9h signs (see Figure 2B-6) shall be used for this purpose.

Option

13. More than one End Reverse Lane (R3-9i) sign (see Figure 2B-6) may be used at the termination of the reversible lane to emphasize the importance of the message.

14. Where longitudinal barriers separate opposing directions of traffic, the R3-9g or R3-9h signs may be omitted.

Standard

15. Flashing beacons, if used to supplement the overhead Reversible Lane Control signs, shall comply with the applicable requirements for flashing beacons in Chapter4S.

16. When used in conjunction with Reversible Lane Control signs, the Turn Prohibition (R3-1 through R3-4, and R3-18) signs shall be mounted overhead and separate from the Reversible Lane Control signs. The Turn Prohibition signs shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section 2B.26.

Guidance

17. For additional emphasis, a supplemental plaque stating the distance of the prohibition, such as NEXT 1 MILE, should be added to the Turn Prohibition signs that are used in conjunction with Reversible Lane Control signs.

18. If used, overhead signs should be located at intervals not greater than ¼ mile. The bottom of the overhead Reversible Lane Control signs should not be more than 19 feet above the pavement grade.

19. Where more than one sign is used at the termination of a reversible lane, they should be at least 250 feet apart. Longer distances between signs are appropriate for streets with speeds over 35 mph, but the separation should not exceed 1,000 feet.

20. Because left-turning vehicles have a significant impact on the safety and efficiency of a reversible lane operation, if a mandatory left-turn lane or two-way left-turn lane cannot be incorporated into the lane- use pattern for a particular peak or off-peak period, consideration should be given to prohibiting left turns and U-turns during that time period.

21. Reversible Lane Control signs and parking signs should be consistent in message during the same operational periods.

§2B.35 Jughandle Signs (R3-23, R3-24, R3-25, and R3-26 Series)

Support

01. A jughandle turn is a left turn or U-turn that because of special geometry is made by initially making a right turn. This type of turn can increase the operational efficiency of a roadway by eliminating the need for mandatory left-turn lanes and can increase the operational efficiency of a traffic control signal by eliminating the need for protected left-turn phases. A jughandle turn can also provide an opportunity for trucks and commercial vehicles to make a U-turn where the median and roadway are not of sufficient width to accommodate a traditional U-turn by these vehicles.

02. Figure 2B-8 shows the various signs that can be used for signing jughandle turns. Figure 2B-9 shows examples of regulatory and destination guide signing for various types of jughandle turns.

Standard

03. On multi-lane roadways, since road users generally anticipate that they need to be in the left- hand lane when approaching a location where they desire to turn left or make a U-turn, an ALL TURNS FROM RIGHT LANE (R3-23) or a U TURN FROM RIGHT LANE (R3-23a) sign (see Figure 2B-8) shall be installed in advance of the location to inform drivers that left turns and/or U-turns will be made from the right-hand lane.

Option

04. Where a median of sufficient width is available, supplemental regulatory or guide signs may also be placed on the left-hand side of the roadway.

Standard

05. The R3-24 series sign with an upward diagonal arrow pointing to the right if the jughandle entrance is designed as an exit ramp (see Drawings A and B in Figure 2B-9), or the R3-25 series sign with a horizontal arrow pointing to the right if the jughandle entrance is designed as an intersection, shall be installed on the right-hand side of the roadway at the entrance to the jughandle. The legend on the sign shall be ALL TURNS, U TURN, or U AND LEFT TURNS, as appropriate.

06. If the jughandle is designed such that the jughandle entrance is downstream of the location where the turn would normally have been made (see Drawing C in Figure 2B-9), the R3-26 series sign with an arrow pointing straight upward shall be installed on the right-hand side of the roadway at the intersection to inform road users that they need to proceed straight through the intersection in order to make a left turn or U-turn. The legend on the sign shall be U TURN or U AND LEFT TURNS, as appropriate.

Support

07. The R3-24, R3-25, and R3-26 series of signs are designed to be mounted below conventional guide signs.

08. Section 2C.12 contains information regarding the use of advisory exit and ramp speed signs for exit ramps.

09. Section 2D.40 contains information regarding the use of guide signs for jughandles.

PASSING, KEEP RIGHT, AND SLOW TRAFFIC SIGNS

§2B.36 DO NOT PASS Sign (R4-1)

Option

01. The DO NOT PASS (R4-1) sign (see Figure 2B-10) may be used in addition to pavement markings (see Section 3B.03) to emphasize the restriction on passing.

Standard

01a. When used, the Do Not Pass sign may shall be used at the beginning of, and at intervals within, a zone through which sight distance is restricted or where other conditions make overtaking and passing inappropriate.

01b. The R4-1 sign shall not be used in the freeway or express way, etc., where two or more lanes remain after a lane dropped or was reduced. Refer to Section 2B.36.

Option

02. If signing is needed on the left-hand side of the roadway for additional emphasis, NO PASSING ZONE (W14-3) signs may be used (see Section 2C.53).

Support

03. Standards for determining the location and extent of no-passing zone pavement markings are set forth in Section

04. Typical examples of where the R4-1 sign could be applied are shown in Figures 3B-14(CA) and 3B-104(CA).

Option

05. The R4-1 sign may be used in conjunction with temporary traffic control signs.

§2B.37 PASS WITH CARE Sign (R4-2)

Guidance

The PASS WITH CARE (R4-2) sign (see Figure 2B-10) should be installed at the downstream end of a no-passing zone if a DO NOT PASS sign has been installed at the upstream end of the zone.

§2B.38 KEEP RIGHT EXCEPT TO PASS Sign (R4-16), SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT Sign

(R4-3), and TRUCKS USE RIGHT LANE Sign (R4-5)

Option

The KEEP RIGHT EXCEPT TO PASS (R4-16) sign (see Figure 2B-10) may be used on roadways where there are two lanes in one direction of travel to direct drivers to stay in the right-hand lane except when they are passing another vehicle. Refer to CVC 21659.

Guidance

02. If used, the KEEP RIGHT EXCEPT TO PASS sign should be installed at or just beyond the beginning of a two-lane section of roadway and at selected locations along two-lane roadways where additional emphasis is needed.

Option

03. The SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT (R4-3) or the TRUCKS USE RIGHT LANE (R4-5) sign (see Figure 2B-10) may be used on multi-lane through roadways to improve capacity or reduce unnecessary lane changing due to the presence of slower vehicles that impede the normal flow of traffic.

Standard

03a. The SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT (R4-3) sign shall be used at the beginning of passing lanes. Refer to CVC 21654.

Guidance

04. If used, the SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT sign or the TRUCKS USE RIGHT LANE sign should be installed at or just beyond the beginning of a multi-lane roadway section or at the beginning of an extra lane provided for trucks and/or other slow-moving traffic, and at selected locations where there is a tendency on the part of some road users to drive in the left-hand lane(or lanes) below the normal speed of traffic. These signs should not be used on the approach to an interchange or through an interchange area where traffic is entering or exiting, or along deceleration or acceleration lanes.

Standard

04a. The TRUCKS USE RIGHT LANE (R4-5) sign (refer to Figure 2B-10) shall be used when a climbing lane is provided and it is necessary to prohibit trucks from passing slower moving vehicles. Signs shall be placed at the beginning of the

01. restriction and at approximately 0.25 mile intervals. When the restriction is necessary during certain hours, the Specific Hours/Day (R82aP(CA)) Plaque (refer to Figure 2B-10(CA)) shall be placed below the R53B(CA) sign.

Option

04b. The TRUCKS USE RIGHT LANE (R4-5) sign may be placed to advise trucks that they must use the right lane except to pass slow moving vehicles as provided in CVC 21654.

05. The TRUCKS USE RIGHT LANE sign may be used as a supplement to the SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT sign.

05a. The TRUCKS OK (R70(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-10(CA)) may be used to allow trucks to legally use a lane other than the right lane or lanes to facilitate the safe and orderly movement of traffic, such as in advance of freeway branch connections, lane drops, etc. If the TRUCKS OK (R70(CA)) sign cannot fit on an overhead sign structure, the TRUCKS (R70A(CA)) and OK (R70B(CA)) sign panels may be used in place of the TRUCKS OK (R70(CA)) sign. Refer to CVC 21655.

Standard

05b. The TRUCKS OK (R70(CA)) sign shall be placed directly over the appropriate lane. The TRUCKS (R70A(CA)) and OK (R70B(CA)) sign panels shall be placed on either side of and adjacent to the lower end of the appropriate white arrow. See Figures 2B-10(CA) and 2E-36(CA).

Support

05c. Refer to CVC 21655.

Guidance

06. If an extra lane has been provided for trucks and other slow-moving traffic, a Lane Ends sign (see Section 2C.47) should be installed in advance of the point where the extra lane ends. Appropriate pavement markings should be installed at both the upstream and downstream ends of the extra lane (see Section 3B.12 and Figure 3B-14).

Option

07. The TRUCKS 3 AXLES OR MORE RIGHT 2 LANES ONLY (R6-3A(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-10(CA)) may be used on divided highways having four or more lanes for traffic in one direction where this type of vehicle, unless designated, is restricted to the two right lanes. Refer to CVC 21655 and 22348(c).

08. The ALL VEHICLES WHEN TOWING RIGHT 2 LANES ONLY (R6-4A(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-10(CA)) may be used on divided highways having four or more lanes for traffic in one direction where this type of vehicle, unless designated, is restricted to the two right lanes. Refer to CVC 21655 and 22348(c).

Standard

09. The END TRUCK LANE CONTROL (R53E(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-10(CA) shall be placed at the end of a segment of roadway in which trucks are restricted to a particular lane.

10. The YIELD TO UPHILL TRAFFIC (R55(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-10(CA) shall be used facing downhill traffic where a climbing lane has been provided and where a one-direction no passing marking has been placed to allow downhill traffic to pass. Refer to CVC 21661. Refer to Section 3B.01 for further details.

§2B.39 Keep Right and Keep Left Signs (R4-7 Series and R4-8 Series)

Option

The Keep Right (R4-7) sign (see Figure 2B-10) may be used at locations where it is necessary for traffic to pass only to the right-hand side of a roadway feature or obstruction. The Keep Left (R4-8) sign (see Figure 2B-10) may be used at locations where it is necessary for traffic to pass only to the left-hand side of a roadway feature or obstruction.

Guidance

02. At locations where it is not readily apparent that traffic is required to keep to the right, a Keep Right sign should be used.

Standard

03. If Keep Right signs are installed at the start of a median or at a median opening, they shall be placed as close as practicable to the approach ends of the medians, and shall be visible to traffic on the divided highway and angled toward the applicable crossroad approach as shown in Figure 2B-20.

Guidance

04. If used, the Keep Right sign should be mounted on the face of or just in front of a pier or other obstruction separating opposite directions of traffic in the center of the highway such that traffic will have to pass to the right-hand side of the sign.

05. Where the approach end of the island channelizes traffic away from the approach direction, the word legend (R4-7a,

01. R4-7b, R4-8a, or R4-8b) signs (see Figure 2B-10) should be used instead of the symbol (R4-7 or R4-8) signs to emphasize the degree of curvature away from the approach direction (see Figure 2B-11).

06. Where a regulatory sign is used within the central island of a neighborhood traffic circle to direct traffic counterclockwise around the central island, the Keep Right with diagonal arrow (R4-7b) sign should be used (see Figure 2B24). The mounting height of the sign should be at least 4 feet, measured vertically from the bottom of the sign to the elevation of the near edge of the traveled way.

Standard

07. The Keep Right (Left) sign shall not be installed on the right-hand (left-hand) side of the roadway in a position where traffic must pass to the left-hand (right-hand) side of the sign.

Option

08. The Keep Right sign may be omitted at intermediate ends of divisional islands and medians.

09. Word message KEEP RIGHT (LEFT) with an arrow (R4-7a or R4-7b) signs (see Figure 2B-10) may be used instead of the R4-7 or R4-8 symbol signs.

10. A narrow Keep Right (R4-7c) sign (see Figure 2B-10) may be installed on the approach end of a median island that is less than 4 feet wide at the point where the sign is to be located.

Standard

11. A narrow Keep Right (R4-7c) sign shall not be installed on a median island that has a width of 4 feet or more at the point where the sign is to be located.

Standard

12. The Keep Right sign may shall be installed in the median of a divided highway crossing that functions as a single intersection such that it is visible to traffic on the divided highway and angled as needed toward the applicable crossroad approach as shown in Figure 2B-20.

Option

12a. If the median is not wide enough to accommodate the KEEP RIGHT or narrow Keep Right sign, the sign may be omitted if all other applicable standards are met.

Support

13. Section 2B.49 provides more information about the use of the Keep Right sign in combination with or in lieu of ONE-WAY signs at divided highway crossings.

§2B.40 STAY IN LANE Sign (R4-9)

Option

01. A STAY IN LANE (R4-9) sign (see Figure 2B-10) may be used on multi-lane highways to direct road users to stay in their lane until conditions permit shifting to another lane.

Guidance

02. If a STAY IN LANE sign is used, it should be accompanied by a solid double white lane line(s) to prohibit lane changing.

§2B.41 RUNAWAY VEHICLES ONLY Sign (R4-10)

Standard

01. A RUNAWAY VEHICLES ONLY (R4-10) sign (see Figure 2B-10) should shall be installed near a truck escape (or runaway truck) ramp entrance to discourage other road users from entering the ramp.

02. The NO STOPPING ANY TIME (R26A(S)(CA)) signs (refer to Figure 2B-25(CA)) shall be placed as required to keep motorists from stopping in the path of runaway trucks.

Support

03. Refer to Figure 3G-103(CA) for runaway truck signing.

§2B.42 Slow Vehicle Turn-Out Signs (R4-12, R4-13, and R4-14)

Support

01. On two-lane highways in areas where traffic volumes and/or vertical or horizontal curvature make passing difficult, turn-out areas are sometimes provided for the purpose of giving a group of faster vehicles an opportunity to pass a slowChapter 2B – Regulatory Signs, Barricade, and Gates moving vehicle.

Standard

02. A SLOW VEHICLES WITH XX 5 OR MORE FOLLOWING VEHICLES MUST USE TURN-OUT (R4-12) sign (see Figure 2B-10) may shall be installed in advance of a the first turn-out area to inform drivers who are driving so slow that they have accumulated a specific number of vehicles behind them that they are required by the traffic laws of that State to use the turn-out to allow the vehicles following them to pass. Refer to CVC 21656.

Support

03. The specific number of vehicles displayed on the R4-12 sign provides law enforcement personnel with the information they need to enforce this regulation.

03a. Refer to CVC 21656 for Turning out of Slow-Moving Vehicles.

03b. The R4-12 sign is not intended to be used in advance of each individual turnout.

03c. Refer to Section 3B.101(CA) for more details.

Option

04. If an R4-12 sign has been installed in advance of a turn-out area, a SLOW VEHICLES MUST USE TURN-OUT AHEAD (R4-13) sign (see Figure 2B-10) may also be installed downstream from the R4-12 sign, but upstream from the turn-out area, to remind slow drivers that they are required to use a turn-out that is a short distance ahead.

Standard

05. If an R4-12 sign has been installed in advance of a turn-out area, a SLOW VEHICLES MUST TURN OUT (with arrow) (R4-14) sign (see Figure 2B-10) shall be installed at the entry point of the turn-out area.

Support

06. Section 2D.54 contains information regarding advance information signs for slow vehicle turn-out areas.

§2B.43 DO NOT DRIVE ON SHOULDER Sign (R4-17) and DO NOT PASS ON SHOULDER Sign (R4-18)

Option

01. The DO NOT DRIVE ON SHOULDER (R4-17) sign (see Figure 2B-10) may be installed to inform road users that using the shoulder of a roadway as a travel lane is prohibited.

02. The DO NOT PASS ON SHOULDER (R4-18) sign (see Figure 2B-10) may be installed to inform road users that using the shoulder of a roadway to pass other vehicles is prohibited.

§2B.44 ALL TRAFFIC Sign (R4-20) and RIGHT (LEFT) TURN ONLY Sign (R4-21)

Option

01. The ALL TRAFFIC (R4-20) sign may be used at an intersection where all traffic on the approach to the intersection must turn in the direction indicated and the Movement Prohibition (see Section 2B.26) and/or ONE WAY (see Section 2B.49) signs do not adequately convey the allowable direction of travel.

02. The RIGHT (LEFT) TURN ONLY (R4-21) sign may be used at or on an approach to an intersection where all traffic on that approach must turn in the direction indicated.

Guidance

03. The RIGHT (LEFT) TURN ONLY sign should not be used for a channelized turn lane separated from the adjacent travel lanes by an island.

Standard

04. The ALL TRAFFIC sign shall not be used to substitute for the Keep Right (R4-7 series) or Keep Left (R4-8 series) signs.

05. The RIGHT (LEFT) TURN ONLY sign shall not be used to substitute for the Mandatory Movement Lane Control signs (see Sections 2B.27 and 2B.28).

SELECTIVE EXCLUSION SIGNS AND PLAQUES

§2B.45 Selective Exclusion Signs and Plaques

Option

Selective Exclusion signs (see Figure 2B-12) may be used to provide notice to road users that State or local statutes or ordinances exclude designated types of traffic from using particular roadways or facilities.

Standard

02. Selective Exclusion signs shall clearly indicate the type of traffic that is excluded.

Support

03. Typical exclusion messages include:

• A. No Trucks (R5-2),
• B. NO MOTOR VEHICLES (R5-3),
• C. NO COMMERCIAL VEHICLES (R5-4),
• D. NO VEHICLES WITH LUGS (R5-5),
• E. No Bicycles (R5-6),
• F. NO NON-MOTORIZED TRAFFIC (R5-7),
• G. NO MOTOR-DRIVEN CYCLES (R5-8),
• H. No Pedestrian Crossing (R9-3),
• I. No Skaters (R9-13),
• J. No Equestrians (R9-14),
• K. No Snowmobiles (R9-15),
• L. No All-Terrain Vehicles (R9-16),
• M. Hazardous Material (R14-3) (see Section 2B.67),
• N. NO THRU TRAFFIC (R5-12),
• O. NO THRU TRUCKS (R5-2b),
• P. EXCEPT ON SHOULDER (R9-19P) plaque, and
• Q. EXCEPT LOCAL DELIVERY (R5-2aP) plaque.

Option

04. Appropriate combinations or groupings of these legends into a single sign, such as NO PEDESTRIANS BICYCLES MOTOR-DRIVEN CYCLES (R5-10 and R5-10a) or NO PEDESTRIANS OR BICYCLES (R5-10b), may be used.

Guidance

05. If an exclusion is governed by vehicle weight, a Weight Limit sign (see Section 2B.64) should be used instead of a Selective Exclusion sign.

06. If used on a ramp to a freeway or expressway where pedestrian and bicyclist travel are prohibited by law or regulation, the NO PEDESTRIANS OR BICYCLES (R5-10b) NO PEDESTRIANS BICYCLES MOTOR-DRIVEN CYCLES (R5-10) sign should be installed in a location where it is clearly visible to any pedestrian or bicyclist attempting to enter the limited access facility from a street intersecting the ramp. In locations where a freeway or expressway is accessed from a ramp from a roadway parallel to the freeway or expressway, the sign should be placed in a location that clearly indicates the prohibition applies only to the freeway or expressway or to the ramp.

07. The Selective Exclusion sign should be placed on the right-hand side of the roadway at an appropriate distance from the intersection so as to be clearly visible to all road users turning into the roadway that has the exclusion. The NO PEDESTRIANS (R5-10c) or No Pedestrian Crossing (R9-3) sign (see Section 2B.57) should be installed so as to be clearly visible to pedestrians who are at a location where an alternative route is available.

Option

08. The NO PEDESTRIANS (R5-10c) or No Pedestrian Crossing (R9-3) sign may also be used at underpasses or elsewhere where pedestrian facilities are not provided.

09. The NO THRU TRAFFIC (R5-12) or NO THRU TRUCKS (R5-2b) signs may be used at locations to prohibit through traffic from using a particular roadway or facility.

10. The EXCEPT LOCAL DELIVERY (R5-2aP) plaque may be mounted below the R5-2 or R5-2b sign.

11. The EXCEPT ON SHOULDER (R9-19P) plaque may be used where such modes are allowed on a shoulder but not on the traveled way and placed at intersections with other roads and established paths or trails, where such vehicles or

01. modes are expected to enter the highway. The AUTHORIZED VEHICLES ONLY (R5-11) sign may be used at median openings and other locations to prohibit vehicles from using the median opening or facility unless they have special permission (such as law enforcement vehicles or emergency vehicles) or are performing official business (such as highway agency vehicles). Restrictions on Use of Freeways

Support

13. CVC Section 21960 authorizes Caltrans and local authorities, with respect to freeways under their respective jurisdictions, to prohibit or restrict the use of freeways by pedestrians, bicycles or other non-motorized traffic or by any person operating a motordriven cycle or a motorized bicycle.

Standard

14. Restrictions on use of a freeway shall be by the order of Caltrans, District Director.

15. No ordinance or resolution of local authorities shall apply to any State highway until the proposed ordinance or resolution has been presented to, and approved in writing by, Caltrans.

Support

16. The District Directors have been delegated the authority to issue orders restricting the use of freeways. They are also authorized to approve orders, ordinances or resolutions of local authorities, which would restrict the use of State highways.

17. It is Caltrans’ policy to restrict the use of freeways when a satisfactory alternate route is available.

Standard

18. The NO PEDESTRIANS BICYCLES MOTOR-DRIVEN CYCLES (R5-10) sign shall be used on a freeway at or near the beginning of the section of freeway to which the prohibition applies and on the right side of freeway entrance ramps.

Guidance

19. Prior to placement of the R5-10 sign on State highways, an order signed by the Caltrans District Director should be on file.

20. At the end of freeway sections where both bicycles and pedestrians have been allowed, and on the continuing freeway where such traffic is prohibited, the R5-10 sign should be placed beyond the exit ramp gore.

Option

21. The R5-10 sign may be modified by deleting the word BICYCLES at locations where bicycles are permitted on freeway shoulders.

Standard

22. The NO PEDESTRIANS (R5-10c) sign shall be used at all freeways exit ramps to inform the public that pedestrians are prohibited.

Guidance

23. The R5-10c sign should be placed on the left facing pedestrian traffic, which might enter a freeway exit ramp. The sign should be placed up the ramp to avoid conflict with the ramp terminal signs.

Option

24. Where pedestrian problems exist, a second identical sign on the right-hand side of the offramp at the same location may be installed.

Support

25. Refer to Section 2E.59 for additional details.

Support

26. Refer to CVC 21101 through 21104, 22402 through 22405 and 35650 through 35755 for Truck Exclusion signs.

27. The No Trucks (R5-2) sign is used together with a Truck Exclusion (R20DP(CA) Series) plaque (refer to Figure 2B-12(CA) to specify the maximum width or other restrictions in effect.

Guidance

28. An alternative route should be evaluated for height, weight and size restrictions. Appropriate signs should be posted along the route to advise motorists of any restrictions.

Option

29. Advance signs may be necessary to give trucks an opportunity to turn around and retrace their path or select another route.

Standard

30. The R5-2 signs shall be placed at each end of the affected portion of a highway section. They shall be placed at a distance of not more than 500 feet from the ends of an affected bridge or structure.

31. The Bridge Speed and Weight Limit (R21(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-12(CA) shall be used to specify the maximum speed permitted on a bridge or structure for vehicles over a specified weight. The R21(CA) sign shall not be erected more

12. than 500 feet in advance of the bridge or structure.

Option

32. The R21(CA) sign, when used with the Weight Limit (R12-5) sign, may be placed on the same post.

33. The Truck Length Limit (R20H(CA)) sign may be used at locations where a semi-truck over 65 feet in length and a semi-truck with trailer over 75 feet in length is prohibited.

34. The No Trucks Variable Message (R20-1(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-12(CA) may be used with an advance guide sign where there is a truck restriction.

Standard

35. The NEXT RIGHT (R20-1aP(CA)) Plaque (refer to Figure 2B-12(CA) shall be used below the R20-1(CA) sign when no advance guide sign is available.

Option

36. The AUTOS WITH TRAILERS -TRUCKS – PROHIBITED (R53D(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-12(CA) may be used at locations where these vehicles are prohibited from using the roadway.

DO NOT ENTER, WRONG WAY, ONE WAY, AND RELATED SIGNS AND PLAQUES

§2B.46 DO NOT ENTER Sign (R5-1)

Support

The DO NOT ENTER package is a DO NOT ENTER (R5-1) sign with a WRONG WAY (R5-1a) sign directly beneath it on the same sign assembly.

Standard

01. The DO NOT ENTER package (R5-1) sign (see Figure 2B-13) shall be used at the following locations:

• A. Where a two-way roadway becomes a one-way roadway (see Figure 2B-18);
• B. The intersection of an interchange exit ramp with a crossroad as specified in Section 2B.48 (see Figure 2B-15);
• C. The intersection of a channelized or turning roadway with a two-way undivided crossroad; and
• D. Except as provided in Paragraph 4 of this Section, aAn intersection with a divided highway where the crossing functions as a single (refer to Figure 2B-14(CA)) or two separate intersections (see Figure 2B-14).

Support

01a. Refer to Section 2B.48 for DO NOT ENTER package requirements at interchange exit ramp terminals.

Guidance

02. A DO NOT ENTER package sign should be installed at other locations where additional emphasis is needed where wrong-way movements are prominent or where the intersecting angle of roadways is such that the visibility of ONE WAY signs alone does not sufficiently convey the restriction.

Option

02a. The DO NOT ENTER (R5-1) and WRONG WAY (R5-1a) signs (refer to Figure 2B-13), may be used as Activated Blank-Out signs (refer to Figure 2B-13(CA)) for controlling reversible lanes and for prohibiting turns into reversible lanes.

Standard

02b. If used for controlling reversible lanes and for prohibiting turns into reversible lanes, the R5-1 and R5-1a Activated Blank-Out signs shall be used in two sets.

Option

02c. The R5-1 and R5-1a Activated Blank-Out signs may also be used to supplement static R5-1 and R5-1a signs.

Option

03. A DO NOT ENTER sign may be installed at an intersection with a divided highway where the crossing functions as a single intersection as shown in Figure 2B-20.

04. A DO NOT ENTER sign may be omitted on a low-speed urban street that is a divided highway at a crossing that functions as two separate intersections.

05. An EXCEPT BICYCLES (R3-7bP) plaque (see Figure 2B-4) may be used below with a DO NOT ENTER package sign when counter-flow bicycle traffic is allowed.

Guidance

06. The DO NOT ENTER package sign, if used, should be placed directly in view of a road user at the point where a road user could wrongly enter a divided highway, one-way roadway, or ramp. The sign should be mounted facing traffic that might enter the roadway or ramp in the wrong direction.

07. At a crossing with a divided highway that functions as a single intersection; the sign, if used, package should be placed on the outside edge side of the roadway facing traffic that might enter the roadway in the wrong direction.

08. If the DO NOT ENTER package sign would be visible to traffic to which it does not apply, the sign should be turned away from, or shielded from, the view of that traffic.

08a. At least one set of the DO NOT ENTER package should be visible from each decision point on each likely wrong-way approach.

Standard

09. A second DO NOT ENTER package sign may shall be used, particularly where traffic approaches from an intersecting roadway (see Figure 2B-14).

Support

10. Section 2A.15 and 2B.48 contains information regarding an optional lower mounting height for DO NOT ENTER package signs that are located along an exit ramp facing a road user who is traveling in the wrong direction.

11. Section 2A.12 contains the provisions for the use of continuously-operated or actuated LEDs to enhance the

00. conspicuity of signs.

§2B.47 WRONG WAY Sign (R5-1a)

Option

01. The WRONG WAY (R5-1a) sign (see Figure 2B-13) may be used as a supplement to the DO NOT ENTER package sign where a crossroad intersects a one-way roadway in a manner that does not physically discourage or prevent wrongway entry (see Figures 2B-14 and 2B-20).

Standard

02. If used, the A WRONG WAY sign should shall be placed at a location along the one-way roadway farther from the crossroad than the DO NOT ENTER package sign (see Section 2B.46).

Guidance

03. The WRONG WAY sign should be placed on the same side of the road as the DO NOT ENTER package sign.

Support

04. Section 2A.15 and 2B.48 contains information regarding an optional lower mounting height for WRONG WAY signs that are located along an exit ramp facing a road user who is traveling in the wrong direction.

05. Section 2A.12 contains the provisions for the use of continuously-operated or actuated LEDs to enhance the conspicuity of signs.

06. For additional information for the WRONG WAY (R5-1a) sign, refer to Section 2B.46 and 2B.48.

§2B.48 Wrong-Way Traffic Control at Interchange Ramps

Standard

01. At interchange exit ramp terminals where the ramp intersects a crossroad in such a manner that wrong-way entry could inadvertently be made, the following signs shall be used (see Figure 2B-15):

• A. At least one ONE WAY sign for each direction of travel on the crossroad shall be placed where the exit ramp intersects the crossroad.
• B. At least one DO NOT ENTER package sign shall be conspicuously placed near the downstream end of the exit ramp in positions appropriate for full view of a road user starting to enter wrongly from the crossroad.
• C. At least one stand-alone WRONG WAY sign shall be placed upstream on the exit ramp facing a road user traveling in the wrong direction.

Option

01a. The WRONG WAY sign may be mounted to the backside of an existing sign upstream the exit ramp facing a road user traveling in the wrong direction.

Guidance

02. In addition, the following pavement markings should be used (see Figure 2B-15):

• A. On two-lane paved crossroads at interchanges, solid double yellow lines should be used as a center line for an adequate distance on both sides approaching the ramp intersections.
• B. Where crossroad channelization or ramp geometrics do not make wrong-way movements difficult, a lane-use arrow should be placed in each lane of an exit ramp near the crossroad terminal where it will be clearly visible to a potential wrong-way road user.

Option

03. The following traffic control devices may be used to supplement the signs and pavement markings described in Paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Section:

• A. Additional ONE WAY signs may be placed, especially on two-lane rural crossroads, appropriately in advance of the ramp intersection to supplement the required ONE WAY sign(s).
• B. Additional WRONG WAY signs may be used.
• C. Slender, elongated wrong-way arrow pavement markings (see Figure 3B-21 and 3B-21(CA)) intended primarily to warn wrong-way road users that they are traveling in the wrong direction may be placed upstream from the ramp terminus (see Figure 2B-15) to indicate the correct direction of traffic flow. Wrong- way arrow pavement markings may also be placed on the exit ramp at appropriate locations near the crossroad junction to indicate wrong-way movement. The wrong-way arrow markings may consist of pavement markings or bidirectional red01 and-white raised pavement markers or other units that show red to wrong-way road users and white to other road users.
• D. Lane-use arrow pavement markings may be placed on the exit ramp and crossroad near their intersection to indicate the permissive direction of flow.
• E. Freeway entrance signs (see Section 2D.50) may be used.
• F. Lane control signs or movement prohibition signs may be used on the approaches to the exit ramp.
• G. A Keep Right (R4-7 or R4-7c) may be used on a ramp median nose for wrong-way traffic control.

Guidance

04. On interchange entrance ramps where the ramp merges with the through roadway and the design of the interchange does not clearly make evident the direction of traffic on the separate roadways or ramps, a ONE WAY sign visible to traffic on the entrance ramp and through roadway should be placed on each side of the through roadway near the entrance ramp merging point as illustrated in Figure 2B-16.

Option

05. On interchange entrance ramps where the ramp merges with the through roadway and the design of the interchange does not clearly make evident the direction of traffic on the separate roadways or ramps a No Left Turn (R3-2) sign may be located on the left-hand side of the entrance ramp at the gore (see Figure 2B- 16). If a No Left Turn (R3-2) sign is located on the left-hand side, a supplemental R3-2 sign may be installed on the right-hand side of the entrance ramp.

06. On interchange entrance ramps where the ramp merges with the through roadway and the design clearly indicates the direction of flow, a ONE WAY sign may be placed visible to traffic on the entrance ramp and/or a NO TURNS (R3-3) sign may be placed visible to traffic on the entrance ramp and through roadway at the gore area as illustrated in Figure 2B-16.

07. Where there are no parked cars, pedestrian activity, or other obstructions such as snow or vegetation, and if an engineering study indicates that a lower mounting height would address wrong-way movements on freeway or expressway exit ramps, a DO NOT ENTER sign(s) and/or a WRONG WAY sign(s) that is located along the exit ramp at a location downstream upstream from the intersection with the crossroad facing a road user who is traveling in the wrong direction may be installed at a minimum mounting height of 3 feet, measured vertically from the bottom of the sign to the elevation of the near edge of the pavement. At the intersection with the crossroad, a WRONG WAY sign may be mounted at a minimum height of 3 feet on the same support on which a DO NOT ENTER sign is mounted at a height that complies with the provisions of Section 2A.15 (see Figure 2B-17).

Support

07a. Refer to Section 2A.15 for mounting heights of the DO NOT ENTER package.

07b. In locations subject to deep snow, sign heights may be adjusted in accordance with engineering judgment.

08. Sections 2B.46, 2B.47, and 2B.49 contain further information on signing to avoid wrong-way movements at atgrade intersections on expressways.

Support

09. The sign locations shown in Figure 2B-15(CA) are approximate.

Guidance

10. All ramp terminals should be reviewed under both day and night conditions by experienced signing personnel to determine exact locations. On-Ramp Terminal Signing

Support

11. Lead-in signing directing motorists to on-ramps is important. Care should be taken to ensure that arrows on direction signs couldn’t be interpreted as pointing into inappropriate roadways, especially off-ramp terminals.

12. Partial interchanges may need special attention with respect to lead-in signing. Trailblazing a route from a partial interchange to another interchange may be necessary to ensure proper traffic movements.

Guidance

13. Freeway Entrance packages should be placed as near the diverge point between the on-ramp and the intersecting roadway as practicable. The down diagonal arrow should always point toward the onramp pavement.

14. Large Freeway Entrance signs should be used with the Freeway Entrance package unless proper placement requires the smaller Freeway Entrance signs. Off-Ramp Terminal Signing

Standard

15. The Turn Prohibition signs (Refer to Section 2B.26) shall be placed in suitable locations on the crossing street in advance of the off-ramp.

Guidance

16. The Do Not Enter packages should be placed at off-ramp terminals to meet the following criteria:

• A. At least one package should be visible to a road user (within the scope of his headlights) at his decision point on each potential approach.
• B. At least one package should be in the head-on position for the road user turning into the off-ramp from each potential approach.

17. A field decision should be made on whether to use three Do Not Enter packages or four if the off-ramp is split by a traffic island.

18. The ONE WAY (R6-1) signs should be placed as close to the crossing street as possible. If there are sidewalks immediately adjacent to the cross street, these signs should be located behind the sidewalk to avoid conflicting with pedestrians.

19. At skewed ramp intersections, where the angle approaches 90°, a second ONE WAY (R6-1) sign should be added on the obtuse side when it would be visible to approaching traffic. Refer to Figure 2B-15(CA) Sheet 1.

§2B.49 ONE WAY Signs (R6-1 and R6-2)

Standard

Except as provided in Paragraph 6 of this Section, tThe ONE WAY (R6-1 or R6-2) sign (see Figure 2B-13) shall be used to indicate streets, ramp terminals, or roadways upon which vehicular traffic is allowed to travel in one direction only.

Option

01a. The ONE WAY (R6-2) sign may be used as an alternative to the R6-1 sign where space is limited and the R6-2 sign is more appropriate.

Standard

02. ONE WAY signs shall be placed parallel to the one-way street at all alleys and roadways that intersect one-way roadways as shown in Figure 2B-18.

03. At the crossing of a roadway with a divided highway that functions as two separate intersections, ONE WAY signs shall be placed, visible to each crossroad approach, on the near right and far left corners of each intersection with the directional roadways (see Figure 2B-19).

04. At the crossing of a roadway with a divided highway that functions as a single intersection Keep Right (R4-7) signs (see Section 2B.39) and/or ONE WAY signs shall be installed (see Figure 2B-20). If Keep Right signs are installed, they shall be placed as close as practicable to the approach ends of the medians and shall be visible to traffic on the divided highway and angled (as needed) toward the applicable crossroad approach as shown in

Figure 2B-20. If ONE WAY signs are installed, they shall be placed on the near right and far left corners of the intersection and shall be visible to each crossroad approach.

intersection and shall be visible to each crossroad approach.

Support

04b. Refer to Section 2B.18 when a ONE WAY sign is proposed on the same sign assembly as a STOP sign.

Option

05. At the crossing of a roadway with a divided highway, regardless of function as a single or separate intersections, ONE WAY signs may also be placed on the far right corner of the intersection as shown in Figures 2B-19 and 2B-20.

06. ONE WAY signs may be omitted on the one-way roadways of divided highways, where the design of interchanges indicates the direction of traffic on the separate roadways.

07. An EXCEPT BICYCLES (R3-7bP) plaque (see Figure 2B-4) may be used with a ONE WAY sign when counterflow bicycle traffic is allowed.

Support

08. Section 2B.48 contains information for the placement of ONE WAY signs at a crossroad with an interchange.

Standard

09. If used at unsignalized intersections with one-way streets, ONE WAY signs shall be placed on the near right and the far left corners of the intersection facing traffic entering or crossing the one-way street (see Figure 2B18).

10. If used at signalized intersections with one-way streets, ONE WAY signs shall be placed near the appropriate

01. signal faces, on the poles holding the traffic signals, on the mast arm or span wire holding the signals, or at the locations specified for unsignalized intersections.

11. At unsignalized T-intersections where the roadway at the top of the T-intersection is a one-way roadway, ONE WAY signs shall be placed on the near-right and the far side of the intersection facing traffic on the stem approach (see Figure 2B-18).

Option

12. Where the central island of a roundabout allows for the installation of signs, ONE WAY signs may be used to direct traffic counter-clockwise around the central island (see Figures 2B-22 and 2B-23).

Guidance

13. Where used on the central island of a roundabout, the mounting height of a ONE WAY sign should be at least 4 feet, measured vertically from the bottom of the sign to the elevation of the near edge of the traveled way.

Option

14. The BEGIN ONE WAY (R6-6) sign (see Figure 2B-13) may be used to notify road users of the beginning point of a one direction of travel restriction on the street or roadway. The END ONE WAY (R6-7) sign (see Figure 2B-13) may be used to notify road users of the ending point of a one direction of travel restriction on the street or roadway.

15. On streets and highways under local jurisdiction where medians are less than 30 feet wide, raised or unpaved, the R6-1 signs may be placed in the median.

Guidance

16. The appropriate height of the R6-1 signs when placed in the median should be 1.5 feet.

17. The R6-1 signs should also be placed parallel to the one-way street at the appropriate far corner to a wrong-way turn. They should also be placed opposite the exits from alleys and other public ways.

Support

18. Authorities in charge of any highway may designate, by ordinance or resolution, any roadway, part of a roadway, or specific lanes for one-way traffic. Refer to CVC 21657.

19. No such ordinance isa be effective with respect to a State highway until approved by Caltrans.

20. If, by local ordinance, a State highway through a city has been made one of a pair of one-way streets, the Commission may adopt the additional street into the State Highway System. Refer to SHC § 111.5. Refer to Section 1A.05 for information regarding this publication.

§2B.50 Divided Highway Crossing Signs (R6-3 and R6-3a)

Standard

01. On unsignalized minor-street approaches from which both left turns and right turns are permitted onto a divided highway at a crossing that functions as two separate intersections (see Section 2A.23), except as provided in Paragraph 2 of this Section, a Divided Highway Crossing (R6-3 or R6-3a) sign (see Figure 2B-13) shall be used to advise road users that they are approaching an intersection with a divided highway (see Figure 2B-19).

Option

02. If the divided highway has a traffic volume of less than 400 AADT and a speed limit of 25 mph or less, at a crossing that functions as two separate intersections, the Divided Highway Crossing signs facing the unsignalized minor-street approaches may be omitted.

03. A Divided Highway Crossing sign may be used on signalized minor-street approaches from which both left turns and right turns are permitted onto a divided highway to advise road users that they are approaching an intersection with a divided highway.

Standard

04. If a Divided Highway Crossing sign is used at a four-leg intersection, the R6-3 sign shall be used. If used at a T-intersection, the R6-3a sign shall be used.

05. The Divided Highway Crossing sign shall be located on the near right corner of the intersection, mounted beneath a STOP or YIELD sign or on a separate support.

Option

06. An additional Divided Highway Crossing sign may be installed on the left-hand side of the approach to supplement the Divided Highway Crossing sign on the near right corner of the intersection.

§2B.51 Roundabout Circulation Plaque (R6-5P)

Guidance

01. Where the central island of a roundabout or neighborhood traffic circle does not provide a reasonable place to install a sign as provided elsewhere in this Chapter, Roundabout Circulation (R6-5P) plaques (see Figure 2B-13) should be placed below the YIELD signs on each approach.

Support

02. Paragraph 6 of Section 2B.39 contains information about the use of a Keep Right (R4-7b) sign in the central island of a neighborhood traffic circle.

03. Paragraph 12 of Section 2B.49 contains information about the use of a One Way (R6-1 or R6-2) sign in the central island of a roundabout.

Option

04. At roundabouts where ONE WAY signs have been installed in the central island, Roundabout Circulation plaques may be placed below the YIELD signs on approaches to roundabouts to supplement the central island signs.

05. The Roundabout Circulation plaque may be used at any type of circular intersection.

Support

06. Examples of regulatory and warning signs for roundabouts and neighborhood traffic circles are shown in Figures 2B-21 through 2B-24.

PARKING, STANDING, STOPPING, AND EMERGENCY RESTRICTION SIGNS

§2B.52 Parking, Standing, and Stopping Signs (R7 and R8 Series)

Support

01. Parking signs pertain to the parking, standing, and stopping of vehicles along the roadway and in designated parking areas. They cover a wide variety of regulations, and only general guidance can be provided here. The word “standing” when used on the R7 and R8 series of signs refers to the practice of a driver keeping the vehicle in a stationary position while continuing to occupy the vehicle. The word “stopping” when used on the R7 and R8 series signs refers to any vehicle, occupied by a driver or not, that stops other than to avoid conflict with other traffic or to comply with official direction. Other types of activities such as active loading, active passenger loading, and/or waiting might be established in State or local codes for use on R7 and R8 series parking, standing, and stopping signs.

01a. CVC Section 463 defines “parking”, which involves the standing of a vehicle, whether occupied or not. However, the temporary loading or unloading of merchandise or passengers is not considered parking. CVC Section 587 defines “stopping”, which involves the cessation of vehicle movement.

01b. Refer to CVC 21112 through 22658 regarding the authorities for the various parking, stopping and loading signs.

02. Parking signs are categorized as either (1) prohibiting parking or (2) permitting parking with restrictions on how parking is allowed.

03. The types of parking, standing, or stopping prohibitions that might be encountered include, but are not limited to:

• A. Prohibited at all times;
• B. Prohibited only at certain times of the day and/or days of the week;
• C. Prohibited with exceptions, such as for bus stops, loading/unloading zones, persons with disabilities, or electric vehicle charging stations; or
• D. Prohibited under certain conditions, such as Snow Emergency Routes.

04. Permissive parking signs allowing parking with restrictions include, but are not limited to:

• A. Parking only allowed for limited time duration (such as 30 minutes or for 1 hour);
• B. Metered parking requiring payment at an individual or a multi-space parking meter, or through electronic means such as by telephone or mobile application.;
• C. Parking only for specific persons (such as those with disabilities or patrons or employees of a business) or specific vehicle types (such as electric vehicles, police/government vehicles, motorcycles, bicycles, or taxis);
• D. Angled or back-in angled parking when it is not commonly used in the area;
• E. Parking programs such as neighborhood/residential permits, school areas, or special events; and
• F. Emergency parking or stopping only.

04a. Refer to FHWA’s List of Known Errors for error in Paragraph 4, Item B text. Refer to Section 1A.04 for more details. Parking Regulations

Option

05. Parking on freeways which have full control of access and no crossing at grade may be prohibited under CVC § 21960.

06. Parking on other State highways may be restricted or prohibited under CVC §§ 22505 and 22506.

Support

07. The Caltrans District Director is authorized to issue orders prohibiting or restricting the parking of vehicles on State highways. The District Director is also authorized to approve ordinances or resolutions of local authorities prohibiting or restricting parking on State highways.

08. The delegation of maintenance activities to local authorities is usually exercised under the authority of SHC § 130. Under a proposal to delegate maintenance and parking regulation authority under CVC § 22506, Caltrans retains the authority to regulate parking under the three conditions specified in CVC § 22505(a). The District Director of Transportation is authorized to make this delegation of authority. Policy on Parking Restrictions

Guidance

09. No Stopping Any Time – Stopping should be prohibited at locations where the prohibition would reduce the risk of collisions or where parking would unduly interfere with the movement of traffic.

10. No Parking Anytime – Parking should be prohibited at locations where the prohibition is necessary to accommodate other activities and objectives, such as street sweeping, snow removal, public safety or preferential parking.

Option

Major factors that may be considered for No Stopping Anytime include:
• Narrow roadway width.
• Restricted visibility at intersections for pedestrian and vehicular traffic.
• Narrow shoulder width.
• Conversion of a parking lane to a through lane or right-turn lane.

Support

12. Limited Time Parking -Caltrans does not issue orders for limited time parking.

Option

13. On State highways, limited time parking restrictions may be initiated by local authorities and approved by Caltrans. Parking prohibitions between certain hours may also be initiated by local authorities.

Standard

14. Before time limit parking regulations are approved in rural areas, law enforcement agency shall be consulted. Special Signs

Option

15. The OK TO PARK ON BRIDGE (R22(CA)) sign may be used to inform motorists that parking is permitted on a bridge. Refer to CVC 22500(k).

Guidance

16. The PARK PARALLEL (R24(CA)) sign should only be used where diagonal parking is prevalent, in violation of CVC 22502.

17. If supported by local ordinance, the BACK-IN ANGLE PARKING ONLY (R24F(CA)) sign should be used.

Standard

18. The SCHOOL BUS ONLY w/ Double Arrow (R24A(CA)), TAXICAB ONLY w/ Double Arrow (R24B(CA)) and TOUR BUS ONLY w/ Double Arrow (R24C(CA)) signs shall be used to inform motorists of location of stands for use by school buses, taxicabs and tour buses, respectively. Refer to CVC 21112.

19. The MAIL DEPOSIT ONLY w/ Double Arrow (R24D(CA)) sign shall be used to inform motorists of curb restrictions at locations for depositing mail in an adjacent mailbox. Refer to CVC 21458(a)(3)(B).

20. The BLOCK WHEELS TO CURB (R24E(CA)) sign shall be used to inform motorists when parking on a hill to block the wheels of the vehicle by turning them against the curb, or by other means, when leaving it to stand unattended upon any grade exceeding 3 percent. Refer to CVC 22509.

Option

21. The PARK OFF PAVEMENT (R25(CA)) sign may be used where it is likely that vehicles may stop on the traveled way and interfere with through traffic. It may also be used as a temporary sign in snow areas where parking is permitted.

Standard

22. The LOADING ONLY 7AM TO 6PM EXCEPT SUNDAY 30 MINUTE LIMIT w/ Double Arrow (R25A-1(CA)) sign shall be used to inform motorists of curb restrictions at locations for loading or unloading passengers or freight for the time as specified by local ordinance. Refer to CVC 21458(a)(2).

23. The following signs shall be used to inform motorists of curb restrictions at locations for loading or unloading of passengers for the time as specified by local ordinance. Refer to CVC 21458(a)(3)(A).
• PASSENGER LOADING ONLY 5 MINUTE LIMIT w/ Double Arrow (R25C(CA)) sign
• School Passenger Loading ONLY 7AM TO 4PM SCHOOL DAYS 5 MINUTE LIMIT w/ Double Arrow (R25D-1(CA)) sign
• PASSENGER LOADING ONLY 7AM TO 4PM SCHOOL DAYS 5 MINUTE LIMIT w/ Double Arrow (R25E(CA)) sign
• School Bus Passenger Loading ONLY w/ Double Arrow (R25F-1(CA)) sign
• Tour Bus Passenger Loading ONLY w/ Double Arrow (R25H-1(CA) sign

24. The CAR SHARE PARKING ONLY PERMIT REQUIRED w/ Double Arrow (R25J(CA)) sign shall be used to designate certain streets or portions of streets for the exclusive parking privilege of vehicles participating in a car share vehicle program or ridesharing program. Refer to CVC 22507.1.

Option

25. The NO PARKING ANY TIME with arrow (R28(CA)) or without arrow (R26(CA)) signs may be used to inform motorists of a parking prohibition at a specific location. The NO PARKING ANY TIME with arrow (R28A(CA)) or without arrow (R26A(CA)) signs may be used where a larger size is desirable.

11. CVC Section 21718 prohibits the stopping, parking or leaving of any vehicle upon a freeway. Large NO PARKING ANY TIME (R26(CA)) or EMERGENCY PARKING ONLY (R8-4) signs may be installed on freeways which have full control of access and no crossing at grade to inform traffic that stopping, parking or leaving of any vehicle upon a freeway is prohibited.

27. The Tow-Away No Parking (R26K(CA)) sign may be used to inform motorists of a parking prohibition and tow-away zone at a specific location.

28. The NO STOPPING FIRE LANE (R26F(CA)) sign may be used to inform motorists of a designated fire lane. Refer to CVC

Standard

29. The NO STOPPING ANY TIME (R26(S)(CA)) sign or Tow-Away NO STOPPING ANY TIME (R26L(CA)) sign shall be used to inform motorists of a No Stopping Zone at a specific location where red curb marking is not used.

30. The NO PARKING HERE TO CORNER (R26M(CA)) sign shall be installed to inform motorists that parking is prohibited within 20 feet of the vehicle approach side of a marked or unmarked crosswalk at a corner or within 15 feet of any marked or unmarked crosswalk at a corner where a curb extension is present. Refer to CVC Section 22500.

31. For midblock crosswalk configurations, the NO PARKING HERE TO X-ING (R26M-1(CA)) sign shall be used in place of the standard R26M(CA) sign.

32. The Tow-Away NO STOPPING 4 TO 6 PM (R107(CA)) sign in a tow-away zone shall be used to inform motorists of a stopping restriction at a specific location during specific hours.

33. In zones where vehicles can be towed for violating the posted prohibition restriction, the “Tow-Away” message or symbol shall be used. Where the “Tow-Away” symbol is used in a 12-inch width format, it shall be as shown in the R26K(CA) sign. When it is used in an 18-inch width format, it shall be shown in the R107(CA) sign.

Option

34. The NO STOPPING ANY TIME (R26A(S) (CA)) sign may be used where a larger size is desirable.

35. The NO PARKING ON BRIDGE (R27(CA)) sign may be used only where parking is prevalent in violation of CVC 22500(k).

36. The NO PARKING ON BRIDGE (R27A(CA)) sign may be used where a larger size is desirable.

37. The NO STOPPING ANY TIME with arrow (R28(S)(CA)) sign may be used to inform motorists of no stopping zones. Use only where the beginning and ending points of the prohibition are not otherwise indicated. The NO STOPPING ANY TIME with arrow (R28A(S)(CA)) sign may be used where a larger size is desirable.

Standard

38. The NO STOPPING BUS ONLY w/ Arrow (R28C(CA)) sign shall be used to inform motorists of no stopping zones at bus stops.

39. On State highways, the NO PARKING VEHICLES OVER 6’ HIGH w/ Double Arrow (R28D(CA)) or NO STOPPING VEHICLES OVER 6’ HIGH w/ Double Arrow (R28D(S)(CA)) sign shall be used to inform motorists of a parking or stopping prohibition, which applies only to vehicles 6 feet or more in height. Refer to CVC 22505.

Option

40. The R28D(CA) or R28D(S)(CA)) sign may be installed within 100 feet of an intersection to improve the visibility of the motorists in accordance with CVC 22507, except where parking would obstruct the applicable sight distance as determined by a qualified engineer.

Standard

41. The NO PUBLIC PARKING SUBJECT TO CITATION AND REMOVAL AT OWNER’S EXPENSE (R28E(CA)) sign shall be used to inform motorists of a parking prohibition on private property. Refer to CVC 22658.

42. The No Parking VEHICLES OVER 5 TONS (R28F(CA)) sign shall be used to inform motorists of a parking prohibition in a residential district for commercial vehicles having a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating of 5 tons or more. Refer to CVC 22507.5.

43. The No Stopping/No Parking Specific Hours (R29(CA)) sign shall be used to inform motorists of a stopping and parking prohibition during certain hours at a specific location.

44. The No Parking Specific Hours (R30(CA) and R30A(CA)) signs shall be used to inform motorists of a parking restriction during certain hours at a specific location.

45. The No Parking 10AM TO 12 PM WEDNESDAY STREET SWEEPING (R30B(CA)) sign shall be used to inform motorists of a parking prohibition for the purpose of street sweeping. Refer to CVC 22507.6.

46. The No Parking 2AM TO 6AM EXCEPT BY PERMIT (R30C(CA))or No Parking 2AM TO 6 AM CITYWIDE EXCEPT BY PERMIT (R30D(CA) sign shall be used to inform motorists of a parking prohibition between the hours of 2 a.m. and 6 a.m.

26. Refer to CVC 22507.5.

Guidance

47. When used, the R30D(CA) sign should be posted below the City Limit (G9-5(CA)) sign or downstream from a freeway off-ramp. Refer to CVC 22507.5.

Standard

46. The No Parking w/Double Arrow (R30E(CA)) sign shall be used to inform motorists of a parking restriction at a specific location.

47. The No Stopping Specific Hours School Days (R30F(CA)) sign shall be used to inform motorists of a stopping prohibition during certain hours at a specific location in a school zone area.

Option

48. The No Parking/Parking Specific Hours (R31(CA) and R32B(CA)) and No Stopping/Parking Specific Hours (R31(S)(CA)) signs may be used to inform motorists of a stopping/parking prohibition during certain hours and a parking time limit during other hours at a specific location. The R31(S)(CA) sign is used for stopping prohibitions, generally during peak traffic hours.

49. The Limited Hour/Minute Parking Specific Hours (R32(CA) sign may be used to inform motorists of a parking time limit with specific hours and/or minutes during certain hours at a specific location.

Standard

50. The 2 HOUR PARKING 8AM TO 6 PM DISTRICT 7 PERMITS EXEMPT (R32C(CA)) sign or 30 MINUTE PARKING 2AM TO 6 AM DISTRICT 3 PERMITS EXEMPT (R32D(CA)) sign shall be used to inform motorists of a parking time limit designation of certain streets upon which preferential parking privileges are given to residents and merchants adjacent to the streets for their use, under which the residents and merchants can be issued a permit or permits that exempt them from the prohibition or restriction. Refer to CVC 22507.

51. A combined 2 HOUR PARKING 8AM TO 4 PM – PASSENGER LOADING ONLY 4PM TO MIDNIGHT 5 MINUTE LIMIT w/ Double Arrow (R32E(CA)) sign shall be used to inform motorists of a parking time limit with specific hours and of curb restrictions at locations for loading or unloading of passengers for the time as specified by local ordinance. Refer to CVC 21458(a)(3)(A).

52. The 2 HOUR PARKING 8AM TO 6 PM MOTORCYCLE PARKING ONLY w/ Double Arrow (R32F(CA)) sign shall be used to inform motorists of a parking time limit with specific hours for motorcycles. Refer to CVC 22503.5.

Option

53. The Tow-Away No Stopping/No Parking Specific Hours (R37(CA)) sign may be used to inform motorists of no stopping and parking prohibitions and tow-away zone at a specific location.

54. The Tow-Away No Parking/Limited Hour Parking Specific Hours (R38(CA)) sign may be used to inform motorists of a parking restriction and tow-away zone at a specific location.

55. The Tow-Away No Stopping/Limited Hour Parking Specific Hours (R38(S)(CA)) sign may be used for stopping prohibitions, generally during peak hours.

Support

56. Local agencies are allowed to adopt, by resolution or ordinance, the restriction of parking and the impounding of vehicles for sale, subject to the requirements of CVC Section 22651.9. Under these requirements, a vehicle can be impounded if a parking violation was received within the last 30 days and a warning was issued.

Option

57. The No Parking of Vehicles for Sale (R108(CA)) signs may be posted to inform motorists that the parking of vehicles for sale is prohibited and that vehicles may be impounded, as prescribed in CVC Section 22651.9, and as authorized by a local ordinance or resolution.

Guidance

58. If used, the applicable municipal code or county code should be shown on the R108(CA) signs to assist enforcement personnel in identifying the appropriate parking infraction, due to the special requirements prescribed in CVC Section 22651.9.

Standard

59. The combined TOW-AWAY NO STOPPING 7AM TO 9 AM - PASSENGER LOADING ONLY ALL OTHER TIMES 5 MINUTE LIMIT w/ Double Arrow (R38A(CA)) sign shall be used to inform motorists of no stopping and parking prohibitions and towaway zone at a specific location during specific hours and of curb restrictions at locations for loading or unloading of passengers for the time as specified by local ordinance. Refer to CVC 21458(a)(3)(A).

Option

60. The NO PARKING OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLES EXCEPT BY PERMIT (R39(CA)) sign may be used on any roadway in which local ordinance or resolution per CVC Section 22505 and 22507 has been established to prohibit parking of commercial vehicles.

Standard

61. If used, the R39(CA) sign shall be used to identify only those street or highway locations, either State or local, upon which parking of commercial vehicles is prohibited, except by permit, as established by the local ordinance or resolution.

62. The NO DOUBLE PARKING ANYTIME COMMERCIAL VEHICLES INCLUDED (R39-1(CA) or R39-2(CA)) sign shall be used to inform motorists of a parking prohibition in a business district for commercial vehicles where a local agency has adopted an ordinance per CVC 22502(c).

Option

63. The NO IDLING COMMERCIAL VEHICLES AND ALL BUSES SR62(CA) or NO IDLING All Buses and Commercial Vehicles SR63(CA) symbol sign may be placed to remind commercial vehicle operators that idling is prohibited for commercial vehicles and all buses for a duration greater than 5 minutes.

Support

64. Refer to the CCR, Title 13, Division 3, Chapter 10, Article 1, §§ 2480 and 2485 which prohibits unnecessary idling of commercial vehicles and all buses.

Standard

65. If used, the NO IDLING COMMERCIAL VEHICLES AND ALL BUSES (SR62(CA)) sign or NO IDLING All Buses and Commercial Vehicles (SR63(CA)) symbol sign or NO IDLING All Buses and Commercial Vehicles REPORT VIOLATIONS (SR63A(CA)) sign shall be placed in areas where idling commonly occurs.

Option

66. The NO IDLING All Buses and Commercial Vehicles REPORT VIOLATIONS (SR63A(CA)) sign may be used in areas with idling concern for heavy-duty diesel trucks and buses to report violators directly to California Air Resources Board (CARB) or local law enforcement agencies.

Standard

67. The phone number used on the SR63A(CA) sign shall be either 1-800-CUT-SMOG or 1-800-END-SMOG, or another local law enforcement agency’s number for signs located in the South Coast Mair Quality Management District. SR63A(CA) signs located elsewhere in the State shall use the 1-800-END-SMOG or another local law enforcement agency’s number.

Support

68. Refer to Health and Safety Code, Division 26, Part 4, Chapter 5, Section 42705.5 and Health and Safety Code, Division 26, Part 6, Chapter 6, Section 44391.2.

Guidance

69. If using the SR63A(CA) sign, these signs should be placed within 100 feet of sensitive receptors, like daycares, school, senior care facilities, hospitals, and residential neighborhoods.

Support

70. CCR Title 13, Sections 2480 and 2485, of the CCR prohibit unnecessary idling of commercial vehicles and all buses for a duration greater than 5 minutes. The sign locations will be determined by Air Resources Board representatives and officials of the law enforcement agency responsible for enforcement and the jurisdiction who owns the roadway will install the signs.

Standard

71. The Accessible Parking Only (R99(CA)) sign in combination with MINIMUM FINE $250 (R99B(CA)) plaque; or, Accessible Parking Only Minimum Fine $250 (R99C(CA)) sign shall be used in on-street and off-street parking facilities to designate stalls for vehicles with a special identification license plate or a distinguishing placard for persons with disabilities.

Support

72. The R99(CA) sign in combination with the R99B(CA) plaque; or, R99C(CA) sign, blue pavement markings and International Symbol of Accessibility Marking, are required for enforcement of these parking areas. Refer to CVC 22511.7 and 22511.8.

Standard

The VAN ACCESSIBLE (R7-8b) sign shall be mounted below the Accessible Parking Only (R99(CA)) sign in combination with MINIMUM FINE $250 (R99B(CA)) plaque; or, Accessible Parking Only Minimum Fine $250 (R99C(CA)) sign of the parking space for persons with disabilities designated as the van accessible space as provided in the Title 24, Part 2 California Building Code (CBC) Section 1129B.

Option

74. The TOW-AWAY SPECIAL PLACARD OR LICENSE PLATE REQUIRED (R100A(CA)) sign may be used with the R99(CA) sign in combination with the R99B(CA) plaque; or, R99C(CA) sign to inform motorists that their vehicle will be towed away if they do not have a special identification license plate or a distinguishing placard for persons with disabilities.

Standard

75. The Disabled Tow-Away (R100B(CA)) sign shall be placed immediately adjacent to, and visible from, the stall or space, or at each entrance to an off street parking facility to inform motorists that their vehicle will be towed away if they park in designated stalls or spaces without a special identification license plate or a distinguishing placard for persons with disabilities. The sign shall include the address where the towed vehicle can be reclaimed and the telephone number of the local traffic law enforcement agency. Refer to CVC 22511.8 and 22511.9.

Option

76. The DISPLAY OF VEHICLES FOR SALE PROHIBITED (SR26(CA)) sign may be used on any roadway in which local ordinance or resolution per SHC, § 731 has been established to prohibit the display of vehicles for sale.

Standard

77. If used, the SR26 (CA) sign shall be used to identify only those street or highway locations, either State or local, upon which display of vehicles for sale is prohibited, as established by the local ordinance or resolution.

Option

78. The TOW-AWAY NO PARKING WHEN SNOW REMOVAL CONDITIONS EXIST (SR49(CA)) sign may be used to prohibit or restrict the parking or standing of vehicles on designated streets or highways, or portions thereof, for the purpose of snow removal. Refer to CVC 22510.

Guidance

79. The SNOW NOT REMOVED BEYOND HERE (SR20-1(CA)) sign should be erected at the beginning of the snow season and removed in the spring when the road is opened. The SR20-1(CA) sign should be placed at a location that will provide a motorist the opportunity to turn around.

Option

80. The CHAIN INSTALLATION ONLY (R74(CA)) sign may be erected where parked vehicles interfere with normal winter operations.

Guidance

81. The R74(CA) sign should be turned or covered at the end of the chain requirement season.

Standard

82. The CHAINS REQUIRED (X MILE (X MILES)) AHEAD (R75(CA)) sign shall be used to give advance notice that chains are required ahead.

83. The CHAINS REQUIRED (R76(CA)) sign shall be used at the beginning of chain control areas and intermittently as needed.

Support

84. The R76(CA) sign is installed in combination with the Speed Limit (R2-1), R79(CA) and R80-1(CA) signs.

Option

85. The ON SINGLE AXLE DRIVE VEHICLE WITH TRAILER (R76-1(CA)) sign may be used when road conditions are such that only single drive vehicles with trailers need chains.

Standard

86. When used, the R76-1(CA) sign shall be mounted below the CHAINS REQUIRED (R76(CA)) sign.

87. The NO EXCEPTIONS (R77(CA)) sign shall be used with the Speed Limit (R2-1) and CHAINS REQUIRED (R76(CA)) signs when chains are required with no exceptions.

88. The END CHAIN CONTROL (R78(CA)) sign shall be used to advise the motorist that the chain control area has ended.

73. The AUTOS & PICKUPS SNOW TIRES OK – CARRY CHAINS (R79(CA)) sign shall be used with the Speed Limit (R2-1) and CHAINS REQUIRED (R76(CA)) signs when chains are required but autos and pickups with snow tires are excepted from using chains.

90. The 4-W DRIVE WITH SNOW TIRES OK – CARRY CHAINS (R80-1(CA)) sign shall be used with the Speed Limit (R2-1) and CHAINS REQUIRED (R76(CA)) signs when chains are required.

Support

91. Vehicles with four wheel drive and snow tires on all four wheels are exempt from using chains. Electric Vehicle Charging Station Signs

Standard

92. If used, the Electric Vehicle Charging Station Tow-Away (R112(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-25(CA)) shall be placed immediately adjacent to, and visible from, the charging station stall or space, or at each entrance to an off-street parking facility to inform motorists that their vehicles will be towed away if parked in designated stalls or spaces without being connected for electric charging purposes. The sign shall include the address where the towed vehicle can be reclaimed and the telephone number of the local traffic law enforcement agency. Refer to CVC 22511.

Option

93. Local agencies may, at their discretion, include CVC Section 22511 or local municipal code section, or ordinance number on the Electric Vehicle Charging Station Tow-Away R112(CA) sign.

Standard

94. If used, the No Parking (symbol) EXCEPT FOR EV CHARGING (R113(CA)), or the No Parking (symbol) EXCEPT FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING (R113A(CA) sign (refer to Figure 2B-25(CA)) shall be placed immediately adjacent to, and visible from, each charging station stall or space.

95. If used, the __HOUR EV CHARGING __AM TO __PM (R114(CA)), or the __HOUR ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING __AM TO __PM (R114A(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-25(CA)) shall be placed immediately adjacent to, and visible from, each charging station stall or space to identify the allowable time limit where electric vehicles may be connected, depending upon what time limitations for charging apply to each charging station.

96. Identification signs and surface markings shall be placed for Van Accessible, Standard Accessible and Ambulatory electric vehicle charging stations, as required by Chapter 11B of the Title 24, Part 2 California Building Code (CBC) Section 1129B. The International Symbol of Accessibility for the Handicapped (D9-6) sign in combination with the VAN ACCESSIBLE (R7-8b) sub plaque shall be placed at Van Accessible electric vehicle charging stations, or, the D9-6 sign shall be placed at standard accessible electric vehicle charging stations (refer to CBC 11B-812.8; and, Section 3B.20 for surface markings).

Option

97. The Rest Area/Vista Point 8 HOUR PARKING (S23(CA)) sign may be used to discourage extended stays in roadside rests or vista points for noncommercial vehicles. The 10 HOUR PARKING COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLES (R39-3(CA)) may be used to allow ten total hours of parking for commercial vehicles. Refer to CVC 22651(s)1 and CVC 22651(s)2.

§2B.53 Design of Parking, Standing, and Stopping Signs

Standard

Parking, standing loading, or stopping signs (see Figure 2B-25) shall be rectangular or square.

02. Public agencies shall follow established law (State law, local ordinance, or regulation) as adopted by the authorized agency regarding what messages are allowed on parking signs.

03. The legend on parking signs shall state applicable regulations. Parking signs shall comply with the standards of shape, color, and location.

04. The colors in parking signs shall conform to their associated curb zone colors. Prohibitive parking signs (see Drawing A in Figure 2B-25 for some commonly used examples) shall be used where parking is prohibited at all times or at specific times. Except as otherwise provided in this Section, parking signs shall have a red legend and border on a white background and, when the parking prohibition symbol is used, the symbol “P” shall be black. Where an exclusive zone is established for freight or passenger loading or mail deposit, the signs shall have a black legend on a white background. Where an exclusive zone is established for disabled persons, the signs shall have a white legend on a blue background, as shown on the R99(CA).

01. Permissive parking signs (see Drawing B in Figure 2B-25) shall be used where only time-limited parking or parking in a particular manner is allowed. Permissive parking signs shall have a green legend and border on a white background.

Guidance

06. Parking information, should be displayed from top to bottom of the sign, as applicable, in the following order: A0. Any tow-away message or symbol.

• A. The restriction or prohibition;
• B. The times of the day that it is applicable, if not all hours;
• C. The days of the week that it is applicable, if not every day;
• D. Qualifying or supplementary information;
• E. Exemptions to the restriction of prohibition; and
• F. Any tow-away message or symbol.
• G. The appropriate municipal or county code on selected signs, when deemed necessary in order to aid enforcement personnel in identifying the appropriate infraction.
• H. The phone number to call to recover an impounded or towed vehicle.

07. If the parking regulation applies to a limited area or zone, the limits of the regulation should be shown by arrows or supplemental plaques. If arrows are used and if the sign is at the end of a parking zone, there should be either no arrows or a single-headed arrow pointing in the direction that the regulation is in effect. If the sign is at an intermediate point in a zone, there should be a double-headed arrow pointing both ways. When a single sign is used at the transition point between two parking zones, it should display a right arrow and a left arrow pointing in the direction that the respective regulations apply.

Standard

08. The times and days for which the parking regulations are in effect shall be posted if they are not in effect at all times of day or all days of the week.

Option

09. As an alternate to the use of arrows to show designated restriction zones, the following word messages may be used: BEGIN, END, HERE TO CORNER, HERE TO ALLEY, and THIS SIDE OF SIGN.

10. The R8 series signs (see Drawing A in Figure 2B-25) may be used where sufficient notice of a parking prohibition is satisfied by the use of single signs and are not needed to designate the beginning and end of a zone in which parking is prohibited or restricted. In rural and certain other areas the legends NO PARKING ON PAVEMENT (R8-1) or NO STOPPING ON PAVEMENT (R8-5) are generally suitable and may be used where parking or stopping is allowed on an unpaved shoulder or border adjacent to the paved portion of the road. If a roadway has an adjacent paved shoulder on which parking or stopping is allowed, the legend NO PARKING EXCEPT ON SHOULDER (R8-2) or NO STOPPING EXCEPT ON SHOULDER (R8-6) may be used. The R8-3 symbol sign or the word message NO PARKING may be used to prohibit any parking along a roadway. Word legend supplemental plaques may be mounted below the NO PARKING signs or the word legend may be incorporated within signs whose sizes are increased accordingly. The R8-3 series signs may include word legends such as ON PAVEMENT (R8-3c), ON BRIDGE (R8-3d), ON TRACKS (R8-3e), and EXCEPT ON SHOULDERS (R8-3f).

Guidance

11. Where special parking restrictions are imposed during heavy snowfall or a declared snow emergency, a Snow Emergency Route (R7-203) sign (see Drawing A in Figure 2B-25) should be installed. The legend should be modified to display the specific regulations. The upper section of the sign should display the designation as a snow emergency route in a white legend and border on a red background.

12. If a fee is charged for on-street parking and payments are made at a multi-space parking meter, instead of individual parking meters for each parking space, Metered Parking (R7-21 and R7-22) signs and PAY AT STATION (R109P(CA)) Plaque(see Drawing B in Figure 2B-25) should be used to define the area where the multi-space parking meter applies. The Multi-Space Parking Meter (R7-20) sign (see Drawing B in Figure 2B-25) should be used at the meter location to direct road users to the meter.

Option

13. Where payments can be made electronically, such as by telephone or mobile application, the Mobile Parking Payment (R7-21aP) plaque (see Drawing B in Figure 2B-25) may be installed below or as part of the legend of a Metered Parking sign.

Standard

14. If the metered parking is subject to a maximum time limit, the appropriate time limit (number of hours or minutes) shall be displayed on the Metered Parking (R7-21 and R7-22) signs and, except as provided in Paragraph 15 of this Section, on the Multi-space Parking Meter (R7-20) signs.

Option

15. Where the maximum time limit varies by the time of the day or by the day of the week, the display of the time limits may be omitted from the R7-20 sign and, instead, be displayed on the multi-space parking meter so that they are visible to pedestrians as they make payments.

Standard

16. Where parking spaces are reserved for persons with disabilities, the Accessible Parking (R7-8 R99(CA)) sign (see Drawing D in Figure 2B-25(CA)) shall be used to designate the space and shall display the official International Symbol of Accessibility.

17. Where parking spaces that are reserved for persons with disabilities are designed to accommodate wheelchair vans, a VAN ACCESSIBLE (R7-8aP R7-8bP(CA)) plaque (see Drawing D in Figure 2B-25) shall be mounted below the R7-8 R99(CA) sign. Refer to CCR Title 24, § 1129B.4.

Support

17a. Refer to Section 2B.52 for the R99(CA) sign and R7-8bP(CA) plaque.

Guidance

18. Where parking spaces are designated for parking of electric vehicles, an Electric Vehicle Parking (R7-111 series, R7-112 series, and R7-113) sign (see Drawing E of Figure 2B-25) should be installed adjacent to the designated spaces. Where there is no time limit, the R7-111 series sign should be used. Where parking is subject to a time limit, the R7-112 series sign should be used.

19. Where parking spaces are only designated for charging of electric vehicles, an R7-113 sign or R7-114 series sign (see Drawing E in Figure 2B-25) should be installed adjacent to the designated spaces.

20. Where additional restrictions apply while a vehicle occupies the designated space, the R7-113P series plaques should be installed below the R7-113 sign or the R7-114 series signs.

Option

21. Where parking is prohibited during certain hours and time-limited parking or parking in a particular manner is allowed during certain other time periods, the red Parking Prohibition and green Permissive Parking signs may be designed as follows (see Drawing C in Figure 2B-25):

• A. Two 12 x 18-inch parking signs may be used with the red Parking Prohibition (R7-1) sign installed above or to the left of the green Permissive Parking (R7-108) sign; or
• B. A single sign (R7-200 or R7-200a) may be used.

22. At the transition point between two parking zones, a single sign (R7-200 or R7-200a) or two signs mounted side-byside may be used.

22a. On any sign, the words “Tow-Away” may be used interchangeably with the Tow-Away symbol.

23. On any sign, the The words NO PARKING may be used as an alternative to the No Parking symbol (see the R7-2a sign in Drawing A in Figure 2B-25).

24. Alternate designs for the R7-107 sign may be developed such as the R7-107a sign (see Drawing A in Figure 2B-25). Alternate designs may include, on a single sign, a transit logo, an approved bus symbol, a parking prohibition, the words BUS STOP, and an arrow. The reverse side of the R7-107 series signs may display bus routing information for pedestrians.

25. A Tow-Away Zone (R7-201P or R7-201aP) plaque (see Drawing A in Figure 2B-25) may be mounted below any parking prohibition sign. The word legend TOW-AWAY ZONE may be incorporated into the parking prohibition sign in lieu of using a separate plaque.

26. The R7-201P plaque may have a black or red symbol and border on a white background.

Guidance

27. When a legend other than that on the standard parking signs is necessary, letter height, symbol size, and basic sign layout should be consistent with the those shown on the standard parking signs as detailed in the “Standard Highway Signs” publication (see Section 1A.05.)

Support

27a. Refer to FHWA’s List of Known Errors for errors in Paragraph 27 text. Refer to Section 1A.04 for more details.

Guidance

In general, the letter height of the principal legend on parking signs sized for urbanized applications should be at least 2 inches.

§2B.54 Placement of Parking, Standing, and Stopping Signs

Support

01. The efficacy of parking, standing, and stopping signs, when used on conventional roads in urbanized or developed environments, depends on their visibility and consistent placement along a street or within a particular block. It is often impracticable for the entire legend to be legible from similar distances as for other types of signs. Therefore, it is important that their conventional form be recognizable from an adequate distance such that the road user can obtain the information upon closer inspection.

Guidance

02. When signs with arrows are used to indicate the extent of the restricted zones, the signs should be set at an angle of not less than 30 degrees nor more than 45 degrees with the line of traffic flow in order to be visible to approaching traffic.

03. When signs are placed at the head of perpendicular parking stalls, the signs should be parallel to the roadway facing the parking stall.

04. Spacing of signs should be based on legibility(refer to Section 2A.08), conspicuity, and sign orientation(refer to Section

05. If the zone is long, signs should be used at intermediate points within the zone.

06. If the signs are mounted at an angle of 90 degrees to the curb line, two signs should be mounted back to back at the transition point between two parking zones, each with an appended THIS SIDE OF SIGN (R7-202P) supplemental plaque (see Drawing A in Figure 2B-25).

07. If the signs are mounted at an angle of 90 degrees to the curb line, signs without any arrows or appended plaques should be used at intermediate points within a parking zone, facing in the direction of approaching traffic. Otherwise, the standards of placement should be the same as for signs using directional arrows.

Option

08. Blanket parking regulations that apply to an entire jurisdiction may, if legal, be posted in the vicinity of the jurisdictional boundary lines. Blanket parking regulations that apply to a posted zone or district may, if legal, be posted at the entry points to the zone or district.

§2B.55 Emergency Restriction Signs (R8-4 and R8-7)

Standard

01. Emergency Restriction signs (see Figure 2B-26) shall be rectangular and shall have a black legend and border on a white background.

Option

02. The EMERGENCY PARKING ONLY (R8-4) sign or the EMERGENCY STOPPING ONLY (R8-7)sign may be used to discourage or prohibit shoulder parking, particularly where scenic or other attractions create a tendency for road users to desire to stop temporarily.

Support

03. Section 8B.07 contains information for the use of the DO NOT STOP ON TRACKS (R8-8) sign (see Figure 8B-1) to discourage or prohibit parking or stopping on railroad or light rail transit tracks.

04. The EMERGENCY PARKING ONLY (R8-4) sign shall be used at the beginning of freeways below the BEGIN FREEWAY (R57(CA)) sign. Refer to CVC 21960.

Support

05. See Section 2B.109(CA) for the BEGIN/END FREEWAY (R57(CA) and R58(CA)) sign.

PEDESTRIAN SIGNS

§2B.56 WALK ON LEFT FACING TRAFFIC and No Hitchhiking Signs (R9-1, R9-4, and R9-4a)

Option

01. The WALK ON LEFT FACING TRAFFIC (R9-1) sign (see Figure 2B-27) may be used on highways where no sidewalks are provided.

Guidance

02. If used, the WALK ON LEFT FACING TRAFFIC sign should be installed on the right-hand side of the road where pedestrians walk on the pavement or shoulder in the absence of pedestrian pathways or sidewalks.

Option

03. The No Hitchhiking (R9-4) sign (see Figure 2B-27) may be used to prohibit standing in or adjacent to the roadway for the purpose of soliciting a ride. The R9-4a word message sign (see Figure 2B-27) may be used as an alternate to the R9-4 symbol sign.

§2B.57 Pedestrian Crossing Signs (R9-2 and R9-3)

Option

01. Pedestrian Crossing signs (see Figure 2B-27) may be used to limit pedestrian crossing to specific locations.

Standard

02. If used, Pedestrian Crossing signs shall be installed to face pedestrian approaches.

Option

03. Where crosswalks are clearly defined, the CROSS ONLY AT CROSSWALKS (R9-2) sign may be used to prohibit pedestrians from crossing at locations away from crosswalks.

04. The No Pedestrian Crossing (R9-3) sign may be used to prohibit pedestrians from crossing a roadway at an undesirable location or in front of a school or other public building where a crossing is not designated.

05. The NO PEDESTRIAN CROSSING (R9-3a) word message sign may be used as an alternate to the R9-3 symbol sign. The USE CROSSWALK (R9-3bP) supplemental plaque, along with an arrow, may be installed below either sign to designate the direction of the crossing.

05a. The NO PED CROSSING - USE CROSSWALK (R49(CA)) Sign may be used as an alternate to the combined R9-3 and R9-3bP signs.

Standard

05b. The NO PED CROSSING - USE CROSSWALK (R49(CA)) Sign shall only be mounted on a Pedestrian Barricade.

Support

06. Pedestrians with vision disabilities might need features other than traffic control devices to provide effective communication of the prohibition of pedestrian crossing.

Guidance

07. The R9-3bP plaque should not be installed in combination with educational plaques.

Support

08. Refer to CVC 21106.

§2B.58 Traffic Signal Pedestrian and Bicyclist Actuation Signs (R10-1 through R10-4 and R10-24 through R10-26)

Standard

01. Where manual actuation of a traffic signal is required for pedestrians or bicyclists to call a signal phase to cross the roadway, traffic signal signs applicable to pedestrian actuation (see Figure 2B- 27) or bicyclist actuation (see Figure 9B-1) shall be mounted immediately above or incorporated into the push button detector units (see Section 4I.05).

Support

02. Traffic signal signs applicable to pedestrians include:

• A. CROSS ONLY ON GREEN (symbolic circular green) (R10-1),
• B. CROSS ONLY ON (symbolic walk indication) SIGNAL (R10-2),
• C. Push Button for Walk Signal (R10-3 series), and
• D. Push Button for Green Signal (R10-4 series).

Option

03. The following signs may be used as an alternate for the R10-3 and R10-4 signs:

• A. Push Button to Cross Street Wait for Walk Signal (R10-3a); or
• B. Push Button to Cross Street Wait for Green Signal (R10-4a).

04. The name of the street to be crossed may be substituted for the word STREET in the legends on the R10-3a and R10-4a signs.

Guidance

05. The finger in the push button symbol on the R10-3, and R10-3a, R10-4, and R10-4a signs should point in the same direction as the arrow on the sign.

Option

06. Where symbolic pedestrian signal indications are used, an educational sign (R10-3b) may be used instead of the R10-3 sign to improve pedestrian understanding of pedestrian indications at signalized intersections. Where wordlegend pedestrian signal indications are being retained for the remainder of their useful service life, the legends WALK/DONT WALK may be substituted for the symbols on the educational sign R10-3b, thus creating educational sign R10-3c. The R10-3d educational sign may be used to inform pedestrians that the pedestrian clearance time is sufficient only for the pedestrian to cross to the median at locations where pedestrians cross in two stages using a median refuge island. The R10-3e educational sign may be used where countdown pedestrian signals have been provided. In order to assist the pedestrian in understanding which push button to push, the R10-3f through R10-3i educational signs that provide the name of the street to be crossed may be used instead of the R10-3b through R10-3e educational signs.

06a. The R10-3e(CA) or R10-3i(CA) educational sign may be used where countdown pedestrian signals have been provided. Support

06b. Pedestrian pushbuttons or touch-free detectors may be used to actuate pedestrian signal timing, to activate accessible pedestrian signals, or both. Refer to Chapter 4K regarding the application of accessible pedestrian signals and detectors.

Option

06c. The R10-3j(CA) sign may be used where the pedestrian signal can be activated by pushing the button or waving at the button.

06d. The R10-3k(CA) sign may be used where warning lights or rapid flashing beacons can be activated by pushing the button or waving at the button. Standard

06e. The bottom panels of signs R10-3e(CA) and R10-3i(CA) shall not be used where the pedestrian signal timing is nonactuated and the pedestrian push button is used solely to activate accessible pedestrian signals.

Option

07. The R10-24 or R10-26 sign (see Section 9B.20) may be used where a push button detector has been installed exclusively to actuate a green phase for bicyclists.

08. The R10-25 sign (see Figure 2B-27) may be used where a push button detector has been installed for pedestrians to activate In-Roadway Warning Lights (see Chapter 4U) or flashing beacons that have been added to the pedestrian warning signs.

Support

08a. Refer to Section 4U.02 for standards related to the R10-25 sign.

09. Section 4I.05 contains information regarding the application of the R10-32P plaque.

TRAFFIC SIGNAL SIGNS AND PLAQUES

§2B.59 Traffic Signal Signs and Plaques (R10-5 through R10-30)

Option

01. To supplement traffic signal control, traffic signal (R10-5 through R10-30) signs (see Figure 2B-28) may be used to regulate road users.

02. Traffic signal signs may be installed at certain locations to clarify signal control. Among the legends that may be used for this purpose are:

• A. LEFT (RIGHT) ON GREEN ARROW ONLY (R10-5),
• B. STOP HERE ON RED (R10-6 or R10-6a) for observance of stop lines,
• C. DO NOT BLOCK INTERSECTION (R10-7) for avoidance of traffic obstructions,
• D. USE LANE(S) WITH GREEN ARROW (R10-8) for obedience to lane-use control signals (see Chapter 4T),
• E. LEFT (RIGHT) TURN SIGNAL (R10-10),
• F. U TURN SIGNAL (R10-10a) for exclusive control of a U-turn movement,
• G. U TURN YIELD TO RIGHT TURN (R10-16),
• H. LEFT (RIGHT) TURN YIELD ON GREEN (symbolic circular green) (R10-12),
• I. LEFT (RIGHT) TURN YIELD ON FLASHING YELLOW ARROW (R10-12a), and
• J. LEFT (RIGHT) TURN YIELD ON FLASHING RED ARROW AFTER STOP (R10-27).

Support

02a. Refer to CVC 22526 for the DO NOT BLOCK INTERSECTION (R10-7) sign.

02b. The LEFT (RIGHT) TURN YIELD ON FLASHING RED ARROW AFTER STOP (R10-27) is deleted. Refer to CVC 21457 for the rules governing driver behavior at a flashing red indication at traffic signals.

Guidance

03. If used, the LEFT ON GREEN ARROW ONLY sign, the LEFT TURN SIGNAL sign, the LEFT TURN YIELD ON GREEN (symbolic circular green)) sign, the LEFT TURN YIELD ON FLASHING YELLOW ARROW sign, or the LEFT TURN YIELD ON FLASHING RED ARROW AFTER STOP) sign should be located adjacent to the left-turn signal face.

Support

Refer to FHWA’s List of Known Errors for errors in Paragraph 3 text. Refer to Section 1A.04 for more details.

Guidance

04. If used, the RIGHT ON GREEN ARROW ONLY sign, the RIGHT TURN SIGNAL sign, the RIGHT TURN YIELD ON FLASHING YELLOW ARROW sign, or the RIGHT TURN YIELD ON FLASHING RED ARROW AFTER STOP sign should be located adjacent to the right-turn signal face.

05. A U TURN YIELD TO RIGHT TURN (R10-16) sign should be installed near the left-turn signal face if U-turns are allowed on a protected left-turn movement on an approach from which a right-turn GREEN ARROW signal indication is simultaneously being displayed to drivers making a right turn from the conflicting approach to their left.

5a. The U-TURN YIELD TO RIGHT TURN (R10-16) sign is deleted as this condition should not be practiced. The actual movement conflict should be eliminated rather than try to correct it with this sign.

Option

06. If used, a U TURN SIGNAL (R10-10a) sign may be installed adjacent to the signal face that exclusively controls a U-turn movement.

07. If needed for additional emphasis, an additional LEFT TURN YIELD ON GREEN (symbolic circular green) (R1012) sign with an AT SIGNAL (R10-31P) supplemental plaque (see Figure 2B-28) may be installed in advance of the intersection.

Guidance

07a. If used, the location of this additional R10-12 sign should be in the raised median at the beginning of the left-turn lane, or be based upon Table 2C-3, or as per engineering judgment.

Option

07b. The LEFT TURN ON GREEN ARROW ONLY – NO U TURN (SR39B(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-28(CA)) may be used at signalized intersections with separate left turn phases to inform traffic that left turns can only be made on a green arrow in accordance with CVC 21454 and “U” turns are prohibited.

03a. The LEFT OR U TURN ON GREEN ARROW ONLY (SR39A(U)(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-28(CA)) may be used at signalized intersections with separate left turn phases to inform traffic that left turns and “U” turns can only be made on a green arrow in accordance with CVC 21454.

08. In situations where traffic control signals are coordinated for progressive timing, the Traffic Signal Speed (I1-1) sign may be used (see Section 2H.04).

Standard

09. The CROSSWALK—STOP ON RED (symbolic circular red) (R10-23) and or STOP ON STEADY REDYIELD ON FLASHING RED AFTER STOP (R10-23a) signs (see Figure 2B-28) shall only be used in conjunction with pedestrian hybrid beacons (see Section 4J.02).

Support

09a. Refer to FHWA’s List of Known Errors for errors in Paragraph 9 text. Refer to Section 1A.04 for more details.

Standard

10. The EMERGENCY SIGNAL (R10-13) sign (see Figure 2B-28) shall be used in conjunction with emergency vehicle traffic control signals (see Section 4M.02).

11. The EMERGENCY SIGNAL—STOP ON FLASHING RED (R10-14 or R10-14a) sign (see Figure 2B-28) shall be used in conjunction with emergency-vehicle hybrid beacons (see Section 4N.02).

Option

12. If needed for extra emphasis, a STOP HERE ON FLASHING RED (R10-14b) sign may be installed with an emergency-vehicle hybrid beacon.

Standard

13. The Left Turn Yield to Bicycles (R10-12b) sign shall be limited to applications where the conflicting bicyclist movement would be unexpected in direction, location, or similar condition that would tend to violate the expectation of a turning motorist.

Guidance

14. The Left Turn Yield to Bicycles sign should be located adjacent to the left-turn signal face.

Option

15. If needed for additional emphasis, an additional Left Turn Yield to Bicycles sign with an AT SIGNAL (R10-31P) supplemental plaque (see Figure 2B-28) may be installed in advance of the intersection for motor vehicles.

Guidance

15a. If used, the location of this additional R10-12b sign should be in the raised median at the beginning of the left-turn lane, or be based upon Table 2C-3, or as per engineering judgment.

Option

16. Where conditions might warrant additional emphasis to drivers turning at a signalized intersection where potential pedestrian conflicts might not be readily apparent, a Turning Vehicles Yield to (Stop for) Pedestrians (R10-15, R1015a) sign (see Figure 2B-28) may be used.

Standard

17. The Turning Vehicles Stop for Pedestrians (R10-15a) sign shall only be used in jurisdictions where laws, ordinances or resolutions specifically require that a driver must stop for a pedestrian.

Support

17a. The Turning Vehicles Stop for Pedestrians (R10-15a) is deleted as a stop is not required in California per CVC 21950.

Guidance

18. The R10-15 series signs, where used, should be placed as follows:

• A. On the near right corner of the signalized intersection for right-turning vehicles.
• B. On the far left corner of the signalized intersection for the left-turning vehicles onto a two-way street.
• C. On the near left corner of the signalized intersection for left-turning vehicles from a one-way street onto a one-way street.

§2B.60 No Turn on Red Signs (R10-11 Series, R10-17a, and R10-30)

Standard

01. Where a right turn on a circular red signal indication (or a left turn on a circular red signal indication from a one-way street to a one-way street) is to be prohibited, a NO TURN ON RED (R10-11, R10-11b) word message sign (see Figure 2B-28) shall be used. A NO TURN ON RED (symbolic circular red) (R10-11a) sign (see Figure 2B-28) shall be used when the approach is controlled by both circular red and red arrow indications.

Support

01a. Refer to CVC 22101 for the No Turn on Red signs.

Guidance

02. If used, the No Turn on Red sign should be installed near the appropriate signal head.

Option

02a. No Right Turn on Red sign may be used on the near right of skewed intersections where the adjacent approach leg to the left intersects the road user’s approach leg at an angle of less than 75 degrees.

02b. A No Turn on Red sign or may be used on the near right of extremely wide intersections.

Guidance

02c. When used, the No Turn on Red sign should be placed where it will most easily be seen by the road user intending to turn. At least one should be placed overhead, or at a right/left-hand corner facing approaching traffic.

03. A No Turn on Red sign should be considered when an engineering study finds that one or more of the following conditions exists:

• A. Inadequate sight distance to vehicles approaching from the left (or right, if applicable);
• B. Geometrics or operational characteristics of the intersection that might result in unexpected conflicts;
• C. An exclusive pedestrian or bicycle phase;
• D. An unacceptable number of conflicting pedestrian movements with right-turn-on-red maneuvers, especially involving children, older pedestrians, or persons with disabilities;
• E. More than three right-turn-on-red crashes reported in a 12-month period for the particular approach; or
• F. The skew angle of the intersecting roadways creates difficulty for drivers to see traffic approaching from their left (or right, if applicable).

Standard

04. If an R10-11, R10-11a, R10-11b, or R10-17a sign with conventional road size as shown in Table 2B-1 is used on an approach on the far side of the intersection and the distance between the stop line and the sign is greater than 120 feet, then a duplicate sign shall be located on the near side of the intersection to supplement the sign on the far side of the intersection.

Option

05. When a no-turn-on-red restriction applies during certain time periods only, the following alternatives may be used:

• A. Movement Prohibition (R3-1, R3-2, R3-4, R3-18, and R3-27) signs or NO TURN ON RED signs displayed by using an Activated blank-out sign for the time period or one or more portion(s) of a particular cycle of the traffic control signal during which the prohibition is applicable; or
• B. Static signs incorporating a supplemental legend or with a supplemental R10-20aP plaque (see Figure 2B-28) showing the hours and days during which the prohibition is applicable.

06. White LEDs may be used in the border and activated during periods of turn prohibition to enhance the sign conspicuity.

07. On signalized approaches with more than one right-turn lane, a NO TURN ON RED EXCEPT FROM RIGHT LANE (R10-11c) sign (see Figure 2B-28) may be post-mounted at the intersection or a NO TURN ON RED FROM THIS LANE (with down arrow) (R10-11d) sign (see Figure 2B-28) may be mounted over the approximate center of the lane from which turns on red are prohibited.

Guidance

08. Where turns on red are permitted and the signal indication is a steady RED ARROW, the RIGHT (LEFT) ON RED ARROW AFTER STOP (R10-17a) sign (see Figure 2B-28) should be installed adjacent to the RED ARROW signal indication. A circular red signal face should be used, instead of correcting the condition with this sign.

Support

08a. The RIGHT (LEFT) ON RED ARROW AFTER STOP (R10-17a) sign is deleted as it compromises the meaning of the right red arrow.

Option

09. A RIGHT TURN ON RED MUST YIELD TO U-TURN (R10-30) sign (see Figure 2B-28) may be installed to remind road users that they must yield to conflicting U-turn traffic on the street or highway onto which they are turning right on a red signal after stopping.

§2B.61 Ramp Metering Signs (R10-28 and R10-29)

Support

For State highways, refer to Caltrans’ Ramp Metering Design Manual. Refer to Section 1A.05 for information regarding this publication.

00b. Refer to Section 2G.102(CA) for regulatory signs for HOV lanes at metered ramps.

Option

01. When ramp control signals (see Chapter 4P) are used to meter traffic on a freeway or expressway entrance ramp, regulatory signs with legends appropriate to the control may be installed adjacent to the ramp control signal faces.

02. For entrance ramps with only one controlled lane, an XX VEHICLE(S) PER GREEN (R10-28) R89A(CA) sign (see Figure 2B-29(CA)) may be used to inform road users of the number of vehicles that are permitted to proceed during each short display of the green signal indication. For entrance ramps with more than one controlled lane, an XX VEHICLE(S) PER GREEN EACH LANE (R10-29) (see Figure 2B-29) sign may be used to inform road users of the number of vehicles that are permitted to proceed from each lane during each short display of the green signal indication.

Support

03. Chapter 2L contains provisions for the use of blank-out or changeable message signs when the metering is limited by time, day, or condition.

Guidance

04. The STOP HERE ON RED (R10-6) sign should be placed on Type 1 standards near the limit line at metered entrance ramps with three or more lanes.

Support

05. The R10-6 sign is used to emphasize the required observance of the signal limit line, such as the metering signal controlling traffic on metered freeway entrance ramps.

Guidance

06. The ALL VEHICLES STOP ON RED (R90-1(CA)) sign should be placed when converting a non-metered HOV preferential lane to a metered one.

Option

07. The R90-1(CA) sign may also be used on new installations where potential for confusion exists.

ROAD CLOSED AND WEIGHT LIMIT SIGNS

§2B.62 KEEP OFF MEDIAN Sign (R11-1)

Option

01. The KEEP OFF MEDIAN (R11-1) sign (see Figure 2B-30) may be used to prohibit driving into or parking on the median.

Guidance

02. The KEEP OFF MEDIAN sign should be installed on the left-hand side of the roadway within the median at random intervals as needed wherever there is a tendency for encroachment.

§2B.63 ROAD CLOSED Sign (R11-2) and LOCAL TRAFFIC ONLY Signs (R11-3 Series, R11-4)

Guidance

01. The ROAD CLOSED (R11-2) sign should be installed where roads have been closed to all traffic (except authorized vehicles).

02. ROAD CLOSED—LOCAL TRAFFIC ONLY (R11-3) or ROAD CLOSED TO THRU TRAFFIC (R11- 4) signs should be used where through traffic is not permitted, or for a closure some distance beyond the sign, but where the highway is open for local traffic up to the point of closure.

Standard

03. The Road Closed (R11-2, R11-3 series, and R11-4) signs (see Figure 2B-30) shall be designed as horizontal rectangles. These signs shall be preceded by the applicable Advance Road Closed warning sign with the secondary distance legend or AHEAD and, if applicable, an Advance Detour warning sign (see Section 6H.04).

Option

04. An intersecting street name or a well-known destination may be substituted for the XX MILES AHEAD legend in urban areas.

05. The word message BRIDGE OUT or CLOSED may be substituted for the ROAD CLOSED legend where applicable.

Support

05a. “Bridge Out” refers to conditions where the bridge is destroyed, washed out, or submerged.

05b. “Bridge Closed” refers to situations where the bridge is closed temporarily for maintenance, construction, or other activities but remains structurally intact.

Option

06. Where conditions allow for bicycle travel on the road beyond the point of closure to motor vehicles, an EXCEPT BICYCLES (R3-7bP) plaque (see Figure 2B-4) may be used with the ROAD CLOSED sign.

Guidance

07. RAMP CLOSED (C2(CA)) sign should be installed where ramps or bridges have been closed to all traffic (except authorized vehicles).

Support

08. The word BRIDGE may be substituted for RAMP where applicable.

§2B.64 Weight Limit Signs (R12-1 through R12-7)

Standard

Weight limit signs (see Figure 2B-30) shall be used to indicate a section of highway or structure that has a vehicle weight restriction.

01a. The weight limit signs shall be placed at each end of the affected portion of a highway section.

Guidance

01b. They should be placed at a distance of not more than 500 feet from the ends of an affected bridge or structure.

02. The units shown on any weight limit sign should be consistent within a State or region with respect to pounds or tons.

Option

03. Where the restriction applies to axle weight rather than gross load, the legend AXLE WEIGHT LIMIT XX TONS or AXLE WEIGHT LIMIT XX LBS (R12-2) may be used.

04. In areas where multiple regulations are applicable, such as limiting both axle weight and gross vehicle weight, a WEIGHT LIMIT XX TONS PER AXLE, XX TONS GROSS (R12-4) sign combining the necessary messages on a single

01. sign may be used. Posting of specific load limits may be accomplished by use of the Weight Limit (R12-5) symbol sign. A sign containing the legend WEIGHT LIMIT on the top two lines, and showing up to three different truck symbols and their respective weight limits for which restrictions apply may be used, with the weight limits displayed to the right of each symbol as XX T. A bottom line of legend stating GROSS WT may be included if needed for enforcement purposes.

Support

06. A specialized hauling vehicle is a single unit truck with multiple closely-spaced axles. Examples include dump trucks, construction vehicles, solid waste trucks and other hauling trucks. Specialized hauling vehicles typically have 4 to 7 axles.

Option

07. The Weight Limit (R12-6) sign may be used to indicate vehicle weight restrictions for specialized hauling vehicles.

07a. The Commercial Vehicle Weight Exclusion (R36(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-30(CA)) may be used to indicate vehicles over __tons are prohibited from certain streets and highways.

Standard

08. The symbols shown on the R12-5 and R12-6 Weight Limit sign shall apply to all trucks of that configuration (single-unit, single-trailer or multi-trailer) regardless of the shape of the vehicle. Symbolic representations of other vehicle shapes or modifications of standard symbols shall not be used.

Option

09. The facility type (such as “BRIDGE”) may be added to the beginning of the legend of the sign to clarify the specific applicability of the weight limit.

Standard

10. If the R12-5 sign depicts only one single-unit vehicle symbol, the weight limit associated with that single-unit vehicle symbol shall apply to all single-unit vehicles, regardless of number of axles.

11. The weight limit associated with the single-trailer vehicle symbol shall apply to all single-trailer vehicles, regardless of number of axles or vehicle shape.

12. The weight limit associated with the multi-trailer vehicle symbol shall apply to all multi-trailer vehicles with two or more trailers, regardless of number of axles or vehicle shape.

13. A weight limit sign (see Figure 2B-30) shall be located at the applicable section of highway or structure.

14. An additional weight limit sign, with an advisory distance or directional legend, shall be located in advance of the applicable section of highway or structure so that prohibited vehicles can detour or turn around prior to the limit zone.

Support

14a. Refer to Section 2C.102(CA) for warning Weight Limit signs used to select an alternate route.

15. An emergency vehicle is designed to be used under emergency conditions to transport personnel and equipment to support the suppression of fires and mitigation of other hazardous situations. Emergency vehicles are typically operated by fire departments and are primarily equipped for firefighting, but are also used to respond to and mitigate other hazardous situations in an emergency. They can create higher load effects compared to non-emergency vehicles of similar weight.

Option

16. The Emergency Vehicle Weight Limit (R12-7) sign carrying the legend EMERGENCY VEHICLE WEIGHT LIMIT SINGLE AXLE XX TONS, TANDEM XX TONS, and GROSS XX TONS may be used to indicate vehicle weight restrictions for emergency vehicles.

Standard

17. When the emergency-vehicle weight limit is displayed in the same assembly as the primary weight limit sign, the Emergency Vehicle Weight Limit (R12-7aP) plaque shall be mounted below.

Support

18. Refer to CVC 21101 through 21104 and 35650 through 35755 for Weight Limit signs.

19. The No Trucks (R5-2) sign is used together with a Truck Exclusion plaque (R20D(CA) Series) (refer to Figure 2B-12 and Figure 2B-12(CA)) to specify the maximum weight limit in effect.

§2B.65 Weigh Station Sign (R13-1)

Guidance

01. An R13-1 sign with the legend TRUCKS OVER XX TONS MUST ENTER WEIGH STATION NEXT RIGHT (see Figure 2B-31) should be used to direct appropriate traffic into an inspection station.

02. The R13-1 sign should be supplemented by the D8 series of guide signs (see Section 2D.51).

03. An SR57-1(CA) sign with the legend ALL TRUCKS STOP AT SCALES with NO PICKUPS SR57-1P(CA) mounted below (refer to Figure 2B-31(CA)) should be used to direct appropriate traffic into a weigh station.

04. The SR57-1(CA) and SR57-1P(CA) sign combination should be supplemented by the D8 series of guide signs (refer to Section

Support

05. Refer to Figure 2B-31(CA) and Figure 2E-59 for Weigh Station Signs.

Guidance

06. The TRUCKS NOT GIVEN BYPASS SIGNAL MUST ENTER OPEN SCALES (SR17(CA)) sign should be used in advance of a truck weigh station that is equipped with a mainline bypass system and weigh-in-motion scales to electronically weigh and verify compliance of commercial trucks as they approach the weigh station.

07. The Width Limit (SR40(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-30(CA)) should be placed at truck weigh stations to direct over width vehicles around the station, if the weigh station lacks adequate width. The California Highway Patrol should be contacted to determine where these signs are needed. Refer to CVC 35790.

Standard

08. The ALL BUSES STOP AT SCALES (SR41(CA)) and ALL BUSES with Arrow (SR42(CA)) signs shall be used as a temporary sign for Critical Item Bus Inspections on state highways.

Option

09. The Weigh Station Repair Service (S21P(CA)) plaque may be installed at commercial vehicle inspection facilities on State highways where needed at the request of the California Highway Patrol.

Option

10. The WAIT HERE UNTIL SCALE CLEAR (SR6-1(CA)) sign may be used at Weigh Stations to provide guidance to trucks entering the scales.

11. The RELEASE BRAKES WHILE ON SCALE (SR7-1(CA)) sign may be used at Weigh Stations to provide guidance to trucks when they are on the scales.

12. The SET PARKING BRAKES (SR8-1(CA)) sign may be used at Weigh Stations to provide guidance to trucks when they are on the scales.

13. The LOADED (SR9-1(CA)) sign may be used at Weigh Stations to designate the lane loaded trucks are to use when passing through the scales.

14. The EMPTY (SR10-1(CA)) sign may be used at Weigh Stations to designate the lane empty trucks are to use when passing through the scales.

15. The EMPTY 5 MPH (SR11-1(CA)) sign may be used at Weigh Stations to control the speed of empty trucks when passing through scales.

16. The LOADED 3 MPH (SR12-1(CA)) sign may be used at Weigh Stations to control the speed of loaded trucks when passing through scales.

17. The Theft CHP Plaque (SR13-1P(CA)) may be used at Weigh Stations to advise scale users that removing any property from the Weigh Station without authorization from the California Highway Patrol is a violation of the Penal Code.

§2B.66 TRUCK ROUTE Sign (R14-1)

Guidance

01. The TRUCK ROUTE (R14-1) sign (see Figure 2B-31) should be used to mark a route that has been designated to allow truck traffic.

Support

02. Section 2D.20 contains information regarding the use of the TRUCK (M4-4P) auxiliary plaque (see Figure 2D-5) on a designated numbered alternative route.

Support

03. Refer to CVC §§ 21101 through 21104 and 35701 through 35715.

04. Generally, Caltrans is not unilaterally authorized to prohibit truck travel on State highways. Various sections in the CVC allow cities and counties to restrict, by ordinance, commercial vehicles subject to the specific conditions in those sections.

05. Generally, no such local ordinance is be effective with respect to any State highway until the ordinance has been approved by Caltrans. This approval shall be made by the Caltrans Director.

Standard

06. The proposed local ordinance shall designate an unrestricted alternate route, or routes, for use by the prohibited vehicles. Such proposed local ordinances shall not be approved unless the alternate route, or routes, are considered suitable by Caltrans.

07. An investigation of designated alternate routes shall be made with special attention being given to the following features:

• 1. Geometrics.
• 2. Increase in distance of travel and comparisons in time of travel.
• 3. Railroad grade crossings.
• 4. Present traffic and practical capacity of proposed alternates.
• 5. Structural adequacy of pavement for heavy truck traffic.
• 6. Heavy grades.
• 7. Proximity to schools or school routes.
• 8. Developed residential areas.

§2B.67 Hazardous Material Signs (R14-2 and R14-3)

Standard

01. The Hazardous Material Route (R14-2) sign (see Figure 2B-31) may shall be used to identify routes that have been designated by proper authority for vehicles transporting hazardous material and/or waste.

Support

01a. The R14-2 sign may be used to guide road users around routes where the transportation of Hazardous Material and/or waste is permitted.

Standard

01b. The HAZARDOUS WASTE PERMITTED (R103aP(CA)) or the HAZARDOUS MATERIAL PERMITTED (R105aP(CA)) sign shall be positioned below the R14-3 symbol sign.

Support

01d. Refer to CVC §§ 31303 and 31304.

Standard

02. On routes where the transporting of hazardous material and/or waste is prohibited, the Hazardous Material Prohibition (R14-3) sign (see Figure 2B-31) may shall be used.

02a. The HAZARDOUS WASTE PROHIBITED (R102aP(CA)) or the HAZARDOUS MATERIAL PROHIBITED (R104aP(CA)) sign shall be positioned below the R14-2 sign.

Support

02b. Refer to CVC §§ 31303 and 31304.

Guidance

03. If used, the Hazardous Material Prohibition sign should be installed on a street or roadway at a point where vehicles transporting hazardous material have the opportunity to take an alternate route.

Support

04. Refer to Figure 2B-31(CA) for Hazardous Waste/Material signs.

Guidance

05. The NO EXPLOSIVES OR FLAMMABLES (SR18(CA)) sign should be placed on highways, structures, tunnels, etc. where vehicles transporting explosives or flammable materials are prohibited. The SR18(CA) sign should be placed at a location that will provide a motorist the opportunity to turn around. The EXPLOSIVES AND CORROSIVES PROHIBITED WITHOUT PERMIT (SR19-1(CA)) sign should be placed on highways, structures, tunnels, etc. where vehicles transporting explosives or corrosive materials are prohibited without a permit. The SR18(CA) sign should be placed at a location that will provide a motorist the opportunity to turn around.

Option

07. The TRANSPORTING ILLEGAL FIREWORKS PROHIBITED (SR25(CA)) sign may be used on any roadway upon which the transportation of illegal fireworks have been prohibited by a local ordinance or resolution per California Health & Safety Code Division 11, Part 2, Sections 12500 through 12726.

Standard

08. If used, the SR25(CA) sign shall be used to identify only those street or highway locations, either State or local, upon which the transportation of illegal fireworks is prohibited, as established by the local ordinance or resolution.

§2B.68 National Network Signs (R14-4 and R14-5)

Support

01. The signing of the National Network routes for trucking is optional. Refer to Chapter 2I.

Standard

02. When a National Network route is signed, the National Network (R14-4) sign (see Figure 2B-31) shall be used.

Option

03. The National Network Prohibition (R14-5) sign (see Figure 2B-31) may be used to identify routes, portions of routes, and ramps where trucks are prohibited. The R14-5 sign may also be used to mark the ends of designated routes.

OTHER REGULATORY SIGNS AND PLAQUES

§2B.69 Photo Enforced Signs and Plaques (R10-18, R10-18a, R10-19P, R10-19aP)

Option

01. A Traffic Laws Photo Enforced (R10-18) sign (see Figure 2B-32) may be installed at a jurisdictional boundary to advise road users that some of the traffic regulations within that jurisdiction are being enforced by photographic equipment.

Standard

02. A Traffic Signal Photo Enforced (R10-18a) sign (see Figure 2B-32) may shall be installed within 200 feet in advance of or at a traffic signal to advise road users that compliance with the signal is enforced by photographic equipment. Refer to CVC § 21455.5.

Option

02a. A Signal Ahead (W3-3) sign and a Traffic Signal Photo Enforced (R10-18a) sign may be used on the same approach provided that they are on separate supports.

02b. The RED LIGHT VIOLATION $ ___ FINE (SR58(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-3(CA)) may be used in advance of signalized intersections where a local agency has adopted an ordinance setting a specific fine amount for red light violations within its jurisdiction. The SR58(CA) sign may be placed on State highways when requested by the local agency.

03. A Photo Enforced (R10-19P) plaque or a PHOTO ENFORCED (R10-19aP) word message plaque (see Figure 2B32) may be mounted below a regulatory sign to advise road users that the regulation is being enforced by photographic equipment.

Standard

04. The Traffic Signal Photo Enforced (R10-18a) sign shall not be installed on approaches to signalized locations where red-light cameras are not present on any of the approaches to the signalized location.

05. A Traffic Signal Photo Enforced (R10-18a) sign shall not be installed on the same support in combination with a Signal Ahead (W3-3) sign.

06. If used below a regulatory sign, the Photo Enforced (R10-19P or R10-19aP) plaque shall be a rectangle with a black legend and border on a white background.

Support

07. Refer to CVC § 21455.5 for Traffic Signal Automated Enforcement: Photographic Records.

§2B.70 Move Vehicles from Travel Lanes Sign (R16-4)

Option

01. A STATE LAW MINOR CRASHES MOVE VEHICLES FROM TRAVEL LANES (R16-4) STATE LAW MINOR CRASH NO INJURIES – SAFELY MOVE VEHICLES FROM TRAVEL LANES (SR61-1(CA) sign (see Figure 2B-33 2B-33(CA)) may be installed in accordance with the provisions of Section 2A.01 to require motorists to move their vehicle out of the travel lanes if they have been involved in a non-injury crash.

02. If the specific requirements of a State law vary, the word legend of the R16-4 sign may be modified to reflect the appropriate law.

§2B.71 Move Over or Reduce Speed Sign (R16-3)

Option

01. A STATE LAW MOVE OVER OR REDUCE SPEED FOR VEHICLES STOPPED ON SHOULDER (R16-3) STATE LAW MOVE OVER OR SLOW FOR STOPPED EMERGENCY AND MAINTENANCE VEHICLES (R110-1(CA)) sign (see Figure 2B-33 2B-33(CA)) may be installed in accordance with the provisions of Section 2A.01 to require motorists to change lanes and/or reduce speed when passing stopped emergency vehicles on the shoulder. Refer to CVC 21809.

02. If the specific requirements of a State law vary, the word legend of the R16-3 sign may be modified to reflect the appropriate law.

Standard

03. The R110(CA) sign shall only be used within freeway facilities.

§2B.72 No Hand-Held Phone Use by Driver Signs (R16-15 and R16-15a)

Option

01. A STATE LAW NO HAND-HELD PHONE USE BY DRIVER (R16-15 or R16-15a) sign (see Figure 2B-33) may be installed in accordance with the provisions of Section 2A.01 to notify drivers that they are prohibited from using hand-held telephones while driving.

02. If the specific requirements of a State law vary, the word legend of the R16-15 series signs may be modified to reflect the appropriate law.

§2B.73 Headlight Use Signs (R16-5 through R16-11)

Support

01. Some States require road users to turn on their vehicle headlights under certain weather conditions, as a safety improvement measure on roadways experiencing high crash rates, or in special situations such as when driving through a tunnel.

01a. Refer to CVC § 24400.

02. Figure 2B-34 shows the various signs that can be used for informing motorists of these requirements. Option:

03. A LIGHTS ON WHEN USING WIPERS (R16-5) sign or a LIGHTS ON WHEN RAINING (R16-6) sign may be installed in accordance with the provisions of Section 2A.01 to inform road users of State laws regarding headlight use. Although these signs are typically installed facing traffic entering the State just inside the State border, they also may be installed at other locations within the State.

Guidance

04. If a particular section of roadway has been designated as a safety improvement zone within which headlight use is required, a TURN ON HEADLIGHTS NEXT XX MILES (R16-7) sign or a BEGIN DAYTIME HEADLIGHT SECTION (R16-10) sign should be installed at the upstream end of the section, and an END DAYTIME HEADLIGHT SECTION (R16-11) sign should be installed at the downstream end of the section.

Option

05. A TURN ON HEADLIGHTS (R16-8) sign may be installed to require road users to turn on their headlights in special situations such as when driving through a tunnel or at the entrances from major side roads to a daytime headlight section. A CHECK HEADLIGHTS (R16-9) sign may be installed downstream from the special situation to inform drivers that using their headlights is no longer required.

Guidance

06. A CHECK HEADLIGHTS (R16-9) should be placed approximately 500 feet beyond the end of a daytime headlight section.

Option

07. Daytime Headlight (S30(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-34(CA)) may be used after a traffic investigation and consultation with the local CHP office and/or law enforcement as a traffic safety improvement measure in high accident locations on two lane highways where there is a potential for head-on collisions.

Support

08. Refer to CVC § 21461 for enforcement of S30(CA) Series and R16-5 through R16-11 signs.

§2B.74 Seat Belt Symbol

Guidance

01. The seat belt symbol should not be used alone. If used, the seat belt symbol should be incorporated into regulatory sign messages for mandatory seat belt use.

01a. The Seat Belt (SR15(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-33(CA)) should be placed in each direction on all freeways and other major state routes at approximate 50 mile intervals.

Standard

01b. The SAFETY BELT LAW ENFORCED (SR15aP(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-33(CA)) shall be placed below each installation of the Seat Belt (SR15(CA)) sign.

Option

01c. The Seat Belt (SR15(CA)) and SAFETY BELT LAW ENFORCED (SR15A(CA)) sign combination may also be used on local arterials.

Support

02. The seat belt symbol is illustrated in the “Standard Highway Signs” publication (see Section 1A.05).

BARRICADES AND GATES

§2B.75 Barricades

Option

01. Barricades may be used to mark any of the following conditions:

• A. The end of a roadway,
• B. A ramp or lane that is closed for operational purposes, or
• C. The permanent or semi-permanent closure or termination of a roadway.

Standard

02. When used to warn and alert road users of the terminus of a roadway, other than in temporary traffic control zones, barricades shall meet the design criteria of Section 6K.07 for a Type 3 Barricade, except that the colors of the stripes shall be retroreflective white and retroreflective red.

Option

03. An end-of-roadway marker or markers may be used as described in Section 2C.73.

Guidance

04. Appropriate advance warning signs (see Chapter 2C) should be used.

§2B.76 Gates

Support

01. Gates described in this section used for weather or other emergency conditions are typically permanently installed to enable the gate to be immediately deployed as needed to prohibit the entry of traffic to the highway segment(s).

02. A gate typically features a gate arm that is moved from a vertical to a horizontal position or is rotated in a horizontal plane from parallel to traffic to perpendicular to traffic. Traffic is obstructed and required to stop when the gate arm is placed in a horizontal position perpendicular to traffic. Another type of gate consists of a segment of fence (usually on rollers) that swings open and closed, or that is retracted to open and then extended to close.

03. Gates are sometimes used to enforce a required stop. Some examples of such uses are the following:

• A. Parking facility entrances and exits,
• B. Private community entrances and exits,
• C. Military base entrances and exits,
• D. Toll plaza lanes,
• E. Movable bridges (see Chapter 4Q),
• F. Automated Flagger Assistance Devices (see Chapter 6L), and
• G. Grade crossings (see Part 8).

04. Gates are sometimes used to periodically close a roadway or a ramp. Some examples of such uses are the following:

• A. Closing ramps to implement counter-flow operations for evacuations,
• B. Closing ramps that lead to reversible lanes, and
• C. Closing roadways for weather events such as snow, ice, or flooding, or for other emergencies.

Standard

05. Except as provided in Paragraph 6 of this Section, gate arms, if used, shall be fully retroreflective on both sides, have vertical stripes alternately red and white at 16-inch intervals measured horizontally as shown in

Figure 8D-1. The width (which becomes the height of the retroreflective sheeting when the gate is in the down position) of the retroreflective sheeting on the front of the gate arm shall be at least 4 inches. Refer to Section 8D.03

position) of the retroreflective sheeting on the front of the gate arm shall be at least 4 inches. Refer to Section 8D.03 Paragraph 5 if the Gate arm extends beyond 32 feet.

Option

06. If used on a one-way roadway or ramp, the retroreflective sheeting may be omitted on the side of the gate (or rolling fence) facing away from approaching traffic.

07. Where gate arms are used to block off ramps into reversible lanes or to redirect approaching traffic, the red and white striping may be angled such that the stripes slope downward at an angle of 45 degrees toward the side of the gate arm on which traffic is to pass.

Standard

08. The gate arm shall extend across the approaching lane or lanes of traffic to effectively block motor vehicle, bicycle, and/or pedestrian travel as appropriate.

Guidance

09. When a gate that is rotated in a horizontal plane is in the position where it is parallel to traffic (indicating that the roadway is open), the outer end of the gate arm should be rotated to the downstream direction (from the perspective of traffic in the lane adjacent to the gate support) to prevent spearing if the gate is struck by an errant vehicle.

Standard

10. If red lights are attached to a traffic gate, the red lights shall be steadily illuminated or flashed only during the period when the gate is in the horizontal or closed position and when the gate is in the process of being opened or closed.

11. Except as provided in Paragraph 6 of this Section, rolling sections of fence, if used, shall include either a horizontal strip of retroreflective sheeting on both sides of the fence with vertical stripes alternately red and white at 16-inch intervals measured horizontally to simulate the appearance of a gate arm in the horizontal position, or one or more Type 4 object markers (see Section 2C.73), or both. If a horizontal strip of retroreflective sheeting is used, the bottom of the sheeting shall be located 3.5 to 4.5 feet above the roadway surface.

§2B.101(CA) NO FISHING (JUMPING) FROM BRIDGE Sign (R23(CA))

Option

The NO FISHING (JUMPING) FROM BRIDGE sign (R23(CA)) (refer to Figure 2B-106(CA)) may be used when fishing or jumping from a bridge is prevalent and where investigation has shown that fishing or jumping is unsafe or interferes with the orderly movement of traffic. Section 2B.102(CA) $1000 Fine Signs (R47(CA) and R47A(CA))

Option

01. The $1000 FINE FOR LITTERING (R47(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-106(CA)) may be used to inform the public that it is unlawful to dispose of litter on the highway.

Support

02. Refer to Streets and Highway Code Section 101.6 and CVC 23111 through 23113 and 42001.7.

03. The $1000 FINE FOR ANIMAL ABANDONMENT (R47A(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-106(CA)) is used to inform the public that the abandonment or dumping of any animal is a criminal offense.

Guidance

04. The R47A(CA) sign should be placed on all major state highways, as close as practicable, following the Welcome to California (G10B(CA)) sign.

§2B.103(CA) PRIVATE ROAD (PRIVATE PROPERTY) VEHICLE CODE ENFORCED Sign (R101(CA))

Standard

01. The PRIVATE ROAD VEHICLE CODE ENFORCED (R101(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-106(CA)) shall be used at the entrance to a privately owned and maintained road when enforcement of vehicle provisions apply, as provided in CVC §

02. The alternate message PRIVATE PROPERTY shall be used at each entrance to a privately owned and maintained offstreet parking facility when enforcement of vehicle code provisions apply, as provided in CVC § 21107.8.

§2B.104(CA) GOLF CARTS OK DAYLIGHT HOURS Sign (SR43(CA))

Standard

01. The GOLF CARTS OK DAYLIGHT HOURS (SR43(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-106(CA)) shall be placed on roadways which local authorities have designated for combined use in accordance with CVC § 21115.

Option

02. The ordinance number may be included on the sign.

§2B.105(CA) Bus and Truck Registration Sign (SR44(CA))

Guidance

The Bus and Truck Registration (SR44(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-106(CA)) should be placed at all Border Inspections Stations to relay this information to Interstate carriers.

§2B.106(CA) EMERGENCY ACCESS KEEP CLEAR Sign (SR46(CA))

Option

01. The EMERGENCY ACCESS KEEP CLEAR (SR46(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-106(CA)) may be used where there is traffic back up due to a controlled intersection or cross street that affects access to the driveway of any emergency service facility such as fire, police or ambulance. Refer to CVC § 22500(d) and 22526.

Standard

02. The SR46(CA) sign shall be used in conjunction with KEEP CLEAR pavement markings (refer to Section 3B.26) that delineate the limits of the keep clear area.

Option

03. The SR46(CA) signs may be placed on both ends of the keep clear area.

Guidance

04. However, if only one sign is used, it should be placed on the upstream side.

§2B.107(CA) Off Highway Vehicle Signs (SR47(CA) and SR48(CA))

Guidance

01. The OFF HIGHWAY VEHICLE COMBINED USE NEXT (X MILES) (SR47(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-106(CA)) should be used to inform motorists of the length of an Off Highway Vehicle Combined Use segment of the highway.

02. The NO OFF HIGHWAY VEHICLES BEYOND THIS POINT (SR48(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-106(CA)) should be placed at the end of an Off Highway Vehicle Combined Use segment of the highway.

§2B.108(CA) NO CAMPING OR SLEEPING IN VEHICLE Sign (R119(CA))

Guidance

01. The NO CAMPING OR SLEEPING IN VEHICLE (R119(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-106) may be used to inform the public that it is unlawful to camp or sleep in the vehicle in the right of way of a state highway or local roadway where there is an adopted resolution or ordinance that prohibits camping or sleeping in vehicle and allows use of the sign. The resolution or ordinance number and adopting agency shall be included on the bottom of the sign.

Option

02. The NO CAMPING OR SLEEPING IN VEHICLE (R119(CA)) sign may have a supplemental plaque (R2-6bP) installed below the sign for the applicable fine amount per the adopted resolution or ordinance (e.g., $XXXX FINE).

Support

03. Do not use the NO CAMPING OR SLEEPING IN VEHICLE (R119(CA)) sign when there is no adopted resolution or ordinance to support its use or enforcement of the sign.

§2B.109(CA) BEGIN/END FREEWAY Sign (R57(CA) and R58(CA))

Standard

01. The BEGIN FREEWAY (R57(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-25(CA)) shall be used to mark the beginning of freeway.

02. The R57(CA) sign shall be placed above the EMERGENCY PARKING ONLY (R8-4) sign. Refer to CVC 21960.

Standard

03. The END FREEWAY (R58(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-25(CA)) shall be used to mark the end of a freeway.

§2B.110(CA) No Loitering, Camping, Vending or Parking of Vehicles 30 Feet or Longer Sign (S22(CA))

Option

The NO LOITERING, CAMPING, VENDING OR PARKING OF VEHICLES 30 FEET OR LONGER (S22(CA)) sign (refer to Figure 2B-106(CA)) may be placed at fringe and transportation corridor parking facilities constructed, maintained, or operated by Caltrans for the purpose of ridesharing. Refer to CVC Section 22518.

Figure 2B-1. STOP and YIELD Signs and Plaques

Signs shown: R1-1, R1-3P, R1-2, R1-2aP, R1-2bP, R1-2cP, R1-10P

Figure 2B-2. Unsignalized Pedestrian Crosswalk Signs

Signs shown: R1-5, R1-5b, R1-5d, R1-5e, R1-6, R1-6a, R1-6d, R1-6e, R1-9, R1-9a, R1-9d, R1-9e

Figure 2B-3. Speed Limit Signs and Plaques

Signs shown: R2-1, R2-2P, R2-2aP, R2-2bP, R2-2cP, R2-5aP, R2-5bP, R2-5cP, R2-3P, R2-4P, R2-4a, R2-5P, R2-6P, R2-6aP, R2-6bP, R2-10, R2-11, R2-13, R2-14

Figure 2B-3(CA). California Speed Limit and Photo Enforcement Signs and Plaques

Signs shown: R2-4(CA), R6-3B(CA), R6-4B(CA), R48-1P(CA), R48-2(CA)

Figure 2B-4. Movement Prohibition and Lane Control Signs and Plaques (Sheet 1 of 2)

Signs shown: R3-1, R3-1b, R3-1c, R3-1d, R3-1e, R3-1f, R3-1g, R3-1h, R3-2, R3-3, R3-4, R3-5, R3-5a, R3-5bP, R3-5fP, R3-5cP, R3-5dP, R3-5gP, R3-6, R3-6a, R3-6b, R3-7aP, R3-7L, R3-7R, R3-7bP, R3-8, R3-8a, R3-8b

Figure 2B-4. Movement Prohibition and Lane Control Signs and Plaques (Sheet 2 of 2)

Signs shown: R3-18, R3-19, R3-19a, R3-19b, R3-20L, R3-20R, R3-27, R3-33, R3-33a

Figure 2B-4(CA). California Movement Prohibition and Lane Control Signs and Plaques

Signs shown: R3-1, R3-2, R3-4, R3-18, R3-27, R61-1(CA), R61-3(CA), R61-5(CA), R61-7(CA), R61-9(CA), R61-11(CA), R61-13(CA), R61-15(CA), R61-17(CA), R61-19(CA), R61-22(CA), R61-24(CA), R61-26(CA), R61-28(CA), R61-30(CA), R61-32(CA), R61-34(CA), R61-36(CA), R73-2(CA), R73-3(CA), R73-4(CA), R73-5(CA), R73-6(CA), R73-8(CA)

Figure 2B-5. Intersection Lane Control Sign Arrow Options for Roundabouts

with desired laneuse configuration Optional for left-most lane A – Standard arrows Match arrow(s) with desired laneuse configuration Optional for left-most lane B – Curved-stem arrows

Figure 2B-6. Center and Reversible Lane Control Signs and Plaques

Signs shown: R3-9a, R3-9b, R3-9cP, R3-9dP, R3-9e, R3-9f, R3-9g, R3-9h, R3-9i

Figure 2B-7. Location of Reversible Two-Way Left-Turn Signs

Signs shown: R3-9h, R3-9i, R3-9e, R3-9f, R3-9g

Figure 2B-8. Jughandle Regulatory Signs

Signs shown: R3-23, R3-23a, R3-24, R3-24a, R3-24b, R3-25, R3-25a, R3-25b, R3-26, R3-26a

Figure 2B-9. Examples of Applications of Jughandle Regulatory and Guide Signing (Sheet 1 of 3)

Figure 2B-9. Examples of Applications of Jughandle Regulatory and Guide Signing (Sheet 2 of 3)

Figure 2B-9. Examples of Applications of Jughandle Regulatory and Guide Signing (Sheet 3 of 3)

Figure 2B-10. Passing, Keep Right, and Slow Traffic Signs

Signs shown: R4-1, R4-2, R4-3, R4-5, R4-7, R4-7b, R4-7a, R4-7c, R4-8, R4-8a, R4-8b, R4-8c, R4-9, R4-10, R4-12, R4-13, R4-14, R4-16, R4-17, R4-18, R4-20, R4-21

Figure 2B-10(CA). California Passing, Keep Right, and Slow Traffic Signs

Signs shown: R6-3A(CA), R6-4A(CA)

Figure 2B-11. Examples of Keep Right and Keep Left Sign Placement

Signs shown: R4-7, R4-8b, R4-7a, R4-7b, R4-20

Figure 2B-12. Selective Exclusion Signs and Plaques

Signs shown: R5-2, R5-2aP, R5-2b, R5-3, R5-4, R5-5, R5-6, R5-7, R5-8, R5-10, R5-10a, R5-10b, R5-10c, R5-11, R5-12, R9-3, R9-13, R9-14, R9-15, R9-16, R9-19P

Figure 2B-12(CA). California Selective Exclusion Signs and Plaques

Signs shown: R20-1(CA), R20-1aP(CA), R20D-1P(CA), R20D-2P(CA), R20D-3P(CA), R20D-4P(CA)

Figure 2B-13. DO NOT ENTER, WRONG WAY, ONE WAY, and Related Signs and Plaques

Signs shown: R5-1, R5-1a, R6-1, R6-2, R6-3, R6-3a, R6-5P, R6-6, R6-7

Figure 2B-13(CA). California DO NOT ENTER, WRONG WAY, ONE WAY, and Related Signs and Plaques

Signs shown: R5-1, R5-1a

Figure 2B-14. Locations of DO NOT ENTER and WRONG WAY Signing for Divided Highway Crossings that Function as Two Separate Intersections

Signs shown: R5-1a, R5-1

Side Road

Figure 2B-14(CA). Locations of DO NOT ENTER and WRONG WAY Signing for Divided Highway Crossings that Function as a Single Intersection

Signs shown: R5-1a, R5-1

Figure 2B-15. Example of Application of Regulatory Signing and Pavement Markings at an Exit Ramp Termination to Deter Wrong-Way Entry Entrance ramp

Figure 2B-15(CA). California Example of Application of Regulatory Signing and Pavement (Sheet 1)

Signs shown: R5-1a, R5-1, R5-10c, R1-1, R6-1, R3-1, R3-2

Figure 2B-15(CA). California Example of Application of Regulatory Signing and Pavement (Sheet 2)

Signs shown: R5-10, M1-1a, M6-2aP, R5-1a, R3-1, R5-1, D13-3, M3-1P, R1-1, R5-10c, R6-1

Figure 2B-15(CA). California Example of Application of Regulatory Signing and Pavement (Sheet 3)

Signs shown: R5-1a, R5-10, R5-1, R5-10c, M6-2aP, R6-1, R4-7, R1-1, D13-3, M6-2a

Figure 2B-15(CA). California Example of Application of Regulatory Signing and Pavement (Sheet 4)

Signs shown: R5-1a, R5-10c, R5-10, R5-1, M6-2aP, R6-1, R4-7, R1-1, R1-2, R3-1, R3-2

Figure 2B-15(CA). California Example of Application of Regulatory Signing and Pavement (Sheet 5)

Signs shown: R5-1a, R5-1, R5-10c, R1-1, R1-2, R3-1, R6-1, R3-2, R5-10, D13-3, M3-1P, M6-2aP, M1-1a

Markings at an Exit Ramp Termination to Deter Wrong-Way Entry (Sheet 2 of 5) Entrance Ramp M1-1a

05. M6-2aP M1-1a M6-2aP Street Street M1-1a M6-2aP R5-1a M6-2aP

05. LI

05. R1-1 M1-1a INT R5-1a Entrance Ramp R5-1a R5-10c Exit Ramp Direction of Travel Sign Location

Markings at an Exit Ramp Termination to Deter Wrong-Way Entry (Sheet 3 of 5) Exit Ramp R5-1a R5-1a Entrance Ramp R5-10c

05. FO

05. M6-2aP M1-1a R5-1a Street Ex it R am p e nc p m Ra M1-1a R5-1a M6-2aP M3-1P ES R5-10c M1-1a R5-1a R5-1a Direction of Travel Sign Location En tra line markings, depending upon which sign used. Street

Markings at an Exit Ramp Termination to Deter Wrong-Way Entry (Sheet 4 of 5) Exit Ramp R5-10c PEDESTRIANS

05. M6-2aP

05. LI M1-1a R5-1a R5-1a Entrance Ramp R5-1a Street Direction of Travel Sign Location R5-1a R5-1a Exit Ramp R5-10c line markings, depending upon which sign used. R5-1a R5-1a Street

Markings at an Exit Ramp Termination to Deter Wrong-Way Entry (Sheet 5 of 5) R5-1a R5-10c Exit Ramp R5-1a R5-1a R5-1a (Large Curbed Island) Street line markings, depending upon which sign used. R5-1a Direction of Travel Sign Location Exit Ramp R5-1a M1-1a Street M1-1a

05. CA

05. M6-2aP M1-1a

05. TE M1-1a

05. D13-3 M6-2aP M6-2aP

Figure 2B-16. Example of Application of Regulatory Signing and Pavement Markings at an Entrance Ramp Terminal

Figure 2B-17. Examples of Low-Mounted WRONG WAY Signs with DO NOT ENTER Signs for Wrong-Way Traffic Control

Figure 2B-18. Locations of ONE WAY Signs

Figure 2B-19. ONE WAY Signing for Divided Highway Crossings that Function as Two Separate Intersections

Figure 2B-21. Example of Regulatory and Warning Signs for a Mini-Roundabout

Figure 2B-22. Example of Regulatory and Warning Signs for a One-Lane Roundabout

Figure 2B-23. Example of Regulatory and Warning Signs for a Two-Lane Roundabout with Consecutive Double Lefts

Figure 2B-24. Example of Regulatory and Warning Signs for a Neighborhood Traffic Circle

Figure 2B-25. Parking, Standing, and Stopping Signs and Plaques (R7 and R8 Series) (Sheet 1 of 2)

Signs shown: R7-1, R7-2, R7-2a, R7-3, R7-4, R7-4a, R7-6, R8-1, R8-2, R8-3, R8-3a, R8-3c, R8-3d, R8-3e, R8-3f, R8-5, R8-6, R7-5, R7-10, R7-21, R7-21aP, R7-22

Figure 2B-25. Parking, Standing, and Stopping Signs and Plaques (R7 and R8 Series) (Sheet 2 of 2)

Signs shown: R7-8, R7-8aP

Figure 2B-25(CA). California Parking, Standing, and Stopping Signs and Plaques (Sheet 1 of 3)

Signs shown: R25A-1(CA), R25D-1(CA), R25F-1(CA), R25H-1(CA)

Figure 2B-25(CA). California Parking, Standing, and Stopping Signs and Plaques (Sheet 2 of 3)

Figure 2B-25(CA). California Parking, Standing, and Stopping Signs and Plaques (Sheet 3 of 3) TOW- AWAY

Signs shown: R39-1(CA), R39-2(CA), R39-3(CA)

(Insert Address) (Insert Telephone Number) TO RECOVER IMPOUNDED VEHICLE CALL 3-1-1

04. SNOW NOT

Figure 2B-26. Emergency Restriction Signs

Signs shown: R8-4, R8-7

Figure 2B-27. Pedestrian Signs and Plaques (Sheet 1 of 2)

Signs shown: R9-1, R9-2, R9-3, R9-3a, R9-3bP, R9-4, R9-4a, R10-1, R10-2, R10-3, R10-3a, R10-3b, R10-3c, R10-3d, R10-3e, R10-3f, R10-3g, R10-3h

Figure 2B-27. Pedestrian Signs and Plaques (Sheet 2 of 2)

Signs shown: R10-3i, R10-4, R10-4a, R10-25, R10-32P

Figure 2B-27(CA). California Pedestrian Signs and Plaques

Signs shown: R10-3e(CA), R10-3i(CA), R10-3j(CA), R10-3k(CA)

Figure 2B-28. Traffic Signal Signs and Plaques (Sheet 1 of 2)

Signs shown: R10-5, R10-6, R10-6a, R10-7, R10-8, R10-10, R10-10a, R10-11, R10-11a, R10-11b, R10-11c, R10-11d, R10-12, R10-12a, R10-12b, R10-13, R10-14, R10-14a, R10-14b

Figure 2B-28. Traffic Signal Signs and Plaques (Sheet 2 of 2)

Signs shown: R10-15, R10-15a, R10-16, R10-17a, R10-20aP, R10-23, R10-23a, R10-27, R10-30, R10-31P

Figure 2B-28(CA). California Traffic Signal Signs and Plaques

Figure 2B-29. Ramp Metering Signs

Signs shown: R10-28, R10-29

Figure 2B-29(CA). California Ramp Metering Signs

Figure 2B-30. Road Closed and Weight Limit Signs

Signs shown: R11-1, R11-2, R11-3, R11-3a, R11-3b, R11-4, R12-1, R12-2, R12-4, R12-5, R12-6, R12-7, R12-7aP

Figure 2B-30(CA). California Road Closed and Weight Limit Signs

Figure 2B-31. Truck Signs

Signs shown: R14-1, R14-2, R14-3, R13-1, R14-4, R14-5

Figure 2B-31(CA). California Truck Signs

Signs shown: SR6-1(CA), SR7-1(CA), SR8-1(CA), SR9-1(CA), SR10-1(CA), SR11-1(CA), SR12-1(CA), SR13-1P(CA), SR19-1(CA)

Figure 2B-32. Photo Enforcement Signs and Plaques

Signs shown: R10-18, R10-18a, R10-19P, R10-19aP

Figure 2B-33. Other Regulatory Signs

Signs shown: R16-3, R16-4, R16-15, R16-15a

Figure 2B-33(CA). California Other Regulatory Signs

Signs shown: SR61-1(CA)

Figure 2B-34. Headlight Use Signs

Signs shown: R16-5, R16-6, R16-7, R16-8, R16-9, R16-10, R16-11

Figure 2B-34(CA). California Headlight Use Signs

Signs shown: S30-1(CA)

Figure 2B-101(CA). Example of Speed Zone Survey Sheet ALIGNMENT GRADIENT

Signs shown: R2-1, S1-1, W10-1

3.30 acc/MVM

03. Note: This scaled figure represents a 11 in. X 36 in. size sheet.

Figure 2B-102(CA). Example of Cumulative Speed Curve Sheet

Figure 2B-103(CA). Example of Vehicle Speed Survey Sheet for City and County Through Highways, Arterials, and Collector Roads Jurisdiction

Figure 2B-104(CA). Example of Vehicle Speed Survey Sheet (For 40 MPH and Under)

Unusual Conditions : Date : Signed : Title :

Figure 2B-105(CA). U-Turn Signs for Signalized Intersections with Separate Turn Phase Two Left-Turn Lanes with Overhead U-Turn Signs U-TURNS PERMITTED

Signs shown: R73-3(CA), R73-2(CA), R73-4(CA), R73-6(CA), R73-5(CA)

Figure 2B-106(CA). California Miscellaneous Regulatory Signs

Table 2B-1. Regulatory Sign and Plaque Sizes (Sheet 1 of 6)

Sign or Plaque	Sign Designation	Section	Conventional Road		Expressway	Freeway	Minimum	Oversized
			Single Lane	Multi-Lane
Stop	R1-1	2B.04	30 x 30	36 x 36	36 x 36	—	30 x 30*	48 x 48
Yield	R1-2	2B.05	36x36x36	48x 48x48	48x48x48	60x60x60	30x30x30*	—
To Oncoming Traffic (plaque)	R1-2aP	2B.18	24 x 18	24 x 18	36 x 30	48 x 36	24 x 18	—
To Traffic in Circle (plaque)	R1-2bP	2B.18	24 x 15	24 x 15	—	—	24 x 15	36 x 24
To All Lanes (plaque)	R1-2cP	2B.18	24 x 15	24 x 15	—	—	24 x 15	36 x 24
All Way (plaque)	R1-3P	2B.04	18 x 6	18 x 6	—	—	—	30 x 12
Yield Here to Pedestrians	R1-5	2B.19	—	36 x 36	—	—	—	36 x 36
Stop Here for Pedestrians	R1-5b	2B.19	—	36 x 36	—	—	—	36 x 36
Yield Here to (Stop Here for) Trail Crossing	R1-5d,5e	2B.19	—	36 x 42	—	—	—	—
In-Street Pedestrian Crossing - Yield (Stop)	R1-6,6a	2B.20	12 x 36	12 x 36	—	—	—	—
In-Street Trail Crossing - Yield (Stop)	R1-6d,6e	2B.20	12 x 36	12 x 36	—	—	—	—
Overhead Pedestrian Crossing - Yield (Stop)	R1-9,9a	2B.20	90 x 24	90 x 24	—	—	—	—
Overhead Trail Crossing	R1-9d,9e	2B.20	72 x 24	72 x 24	—	—	—	—
Except Right Turn (plaque)	R1-10P	2B.04	24 x 18	24 x 18	—	—	—	—
Speed Limit	R2-1	2B.21	24 x 30	30 x 36	36 x 48	48 x 60	18 x 24	30 x 36
Truck Speed Limit (plaque)	R2-2P	2B.22	24 x 24	24 x 24	36 x 36	48 x 48	—	36 x 36
Bus Speed Limit (plaque)	R2-2aP	2B.22	24 x 24	24 x 24	36 x 36	48 x 48	—	36 x 36
Truck-Bus Speed Limit (plaque)	R2-2bP	2B.22	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 42	48 x 54	—	36 x 42
Vehicles Over X Tons Speed Limit (plaque)	R2-2cP	2B.22	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 42	48 x 54	—	36 x 42
Night Speed Limit (plaque)	R2-3P	2B.23	24 x 24	24 x 24	36 x 36	48 x 48	—	36 x 36
Minimum Speed Limit (plaque)	R2-4P	2B.24	24 x 24	24 x 24	36 x 36	48 x 48	—	36 x 36
Combined Maximum and Minimum Speed Limits	R2-4a	2B.24	24 x 48	24 x 48	36 x 72	48 x 96	—	36 x 72
Unless Otherwise Posted (plaque)	R2-5P	2B.21	24 x 18	24 x 18	36 x 24	36 x 24	—	36 x 24
								30 x 9
Citywide (plaque)	R2-5aP	2B.21	24 x 6	24 x 6	—	—	—
Neighborhood (plaque)	R2-5bP	2B.21	24 x 6	24 x 6	—	—	—	30 x 9
Residential (plaque)	R2-5cP	2B.21	24 x 6	24 x 6	—	—	—	30 x 9
Fines Higher (plaque)	R2-6P	2B.25	24 x 18	24 x 18	36 x 24	48 x 36	—	36 x 24
Fines Double (plaque)	R2-6aP	2B.25	24 x 18	24 x 18	36 x 24	48 x 36	—	36 x 24
$XX Fine (plaque)	R2-6bP	2B.25	24 x 18	24 x 18	36 x 24	48 x 36	—	36 x 24
Double Begin Higher Fines Zone Double	R2-10	2B.25	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 48	48 x 60	—	36 x 48
End Higher Fines Zone End Variable Speed Limit	R2-11 R2-13	2B.25 2B.21	24 x 30 24 x 30	24 x 30 24 x 30	36 x 48 36 x 48	48 x 60 48 x 60	— —	36 x 48 36 x 48
End Truck Speed Limit	R2-14	2B.21	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 48	48 x 60	—	36 x 48
Movement Prohibition	R3-1,2,3, 4,18,27	2B.26	24 x 24	36 x 36	36 x 36	—	—	48 x 48
Movement Prohibition - Trucks	R3-1b	2B.26	24 x 36	24 x 36	36 x 54	36 x 54	—	—
Movement Prohibition - Trucks Buses	R3-1c	2B.26	24 x 42	24 x 42	36 x 60	36 x 60	—	—
Movement Prohibition - Trucks Over X Tons	R3-1d	2B.26	24 x 48	24 x 48	36 x 66	36 x 66	—	—
Movement Prohibition - Except Buses	R3-1e	2B.26	24 x 36	24 x 36	36 x 54	36 x 54	—	—
Movement Prohibition - Except Buses Taxis	R3-1f	2B.26	24 x 42	24 x 42	36 x 66	36 x 66	—	—
Movement Prohibition - Time and Day	R3-1g	2B.26	24 x 36	24 x 36	36 x 54	36 x 54	—	—

Sign or Plaque			Sign Designation	Section	Conventional Road		Expressway	Freeway	Minimum	Oversized
					Single Lane	Multi-Lane
Stop			R1-1	2B.04	30 x 30	36 x 36	36 x 36	—	30 x 30*	48 x 48
Yield			R1-2	2B.05	36 x36x 36	48x 48 x 48	48x 48 x 48	60 x 60x 60	30 x 30x 30*	—
To Oncoming Traffic (plaque)			R1-2aP	2B.18	24 x 18	24 x 18	36 x 30	48 x 36	24 x 18	—
To Traffic in Circle (plaque)			R1-2bP	2B.18	24 x 15	24 x 15	—	—	24 x 15	36 x 24
To All Lanes (plaque)			R1-2cP	2B.18	24 x 15	24 x 15	—	—	24 x 15	36 x 24
All Way (plaque)			R1-3P	2B.04	18 x 6	18 x 6	—	—	—	30 x 12
Yield Here to Pedestrians			R1-5	2B.19	—	36 x 36	—	—	—	36 x 36
Stop Here for Pedestrians			R1-5b	2B.19	—	36 x 36	—	—	—	36 x 36
Yield Here to (Stop Here for) Trail			R1-5d,5e	2B.19	—	36 x 42	—	—	—	—
Crossing
In-Street Pedestrian Crossing -Yield (Stop)			R1-6,6a	2B.20	12 x 36	12 x 36	—	—	—	—
In-Street Trail Crossing -Yield			R1-6d,6e	2B.20	12 x 36	12 x 36	—	—	—	—
(Stop)
Overhead Pedestrian Crossing -Yield (Stop)			R1-9,9a	2B.20	90 x 24	90 x 24	—	—	—	—
Overhead Trail Crossing			R1-9d,9e	2B.20	72 x 24	72 x 24	—	—	—	—
Except Right Turn (plaque)			R1-10P	2B.04	24 x 18	24 x 18	—	—	—	—
Speed Limit			R2-1	2B.21	24 x 30	30 x 36	36 x 48	48 x 60	18 x 24	30 x 36
Truck Speed Limit (plaque)			R2-2P	2B.22	24 x 24	24 x 24	36 x 36	48 x 48	—	36 x 36
Bus Speed Limit (plaque)			R2-2aP	2B.22	24 x 24	24 x 24	36 x 36	48 x 48	—	36 x 36
Truck-Bus Speed Limit (plaque)			R2-2bP	2B.22	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 42	48 x 54	—	36 x 42
Vehicles Over X Tons Speed Limit			R2-2cP	2B.22	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 42	48 x 54	—	36 x 42
(plaque)
Night Speed Limit (plaque)			R2-3P	2B.23	24 x 24	24 x 24	36 x 36	48 x 48	—	36 x 36
Minimum Speed Limit (plaque)			R2-4P	2B.24	24 x 24	24 x 24	36 x 36	48 x 48	—	36 x 36
Combined Maximum and Minimum Speed Limits			R2-4a	2B.24	24 x 48	24 x 48	36 x 72	48 x 96	—	36 x 72
Unless Otherwise Posted (plaque)			R2-5P	2B.21	24 x 18	24 x 18	36 x 24	36 x 24	—	36 x 24
										30 x 9
Citywide (plaque)			R2-5aP	2B.21	24 x 6	24 x 6	—	—	—
Neighborhood (plaque)			R2-5bP	2B.21	24 x 6	24 x 6	—	—	—	30 x 9
Residential (plaque)			R2-5cP	2B.21	24 x 6	24 x 6	—	—	—	30 x 9
Fines Higher (plaque)			R2-6P	2B.25	24 x 18	24 x 18	36 x 24	48 x 36	—	36 x 24
Fines Double (plaque)			R2-6aP	2B.25	24 x 18	24 x 18	36 x 24	48 x 36	—	36 x 24
$XX Fine (plaque)			R2-6bP	2B.25	24 x 18	24 x 18	36 x 24	48 x 36	—	36 x 24
Double Begin Higher Fines Zone			R2-10	2B.25	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 48	48 x 60	—	36 x 48
	Double		R2-11	2B.25	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 48	48 x 60	—	36 x 48
End Higher Fines Zone
End Variable Speed Limit			R2-13	2B.21	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 48	48 x 60	—	36 x 48
End Truck Speed Limit			R2-14	2B.21	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 48	48 x 60	—	36 x 48
Movement Prohibition			R3-1,2,3, 4,18,27	2B.26	24 x 24	36 x 36	36 x 36	—	—	48 x 48
Movement Prohibition -Trucks			R3-1b	2B.26	24 x 36	24 x 36	36 x 54	36 x 54	—	—
Movement Prohibition - Trucks Buses			R3-1c	2B.26	24 x 42	24 x 42	36 x 60	36 x 60	—	—
Movement Prohibition -Trucks			R3-1d	2B.26	24 x 48	24 x 48	36 x 66	36 x 66	—	—
Over X Tons
Movement Prohibition - Except Buses			R3-1e	2B.26	24 x 36	24 x 36	36 x 54	36 x 54	—	—
Movement Prohibition -Except			R3-1f	2B.26	24 x 42	24 x 42	36 x 66	36 x 66	—	—
Buses Taxis
Movement Prohibition - Time and Day			R3-1g	2B.26	24 x 36	24 x 36	36 x 54	36 x 54	—	—

Table 2B-1. Regulatory Sign and Plaque Sizes (Sheet 2 of 6)

Sign or Plaque	Sign Designation	Section	Conventional Road		Expressway	Freeway	Minimum	Oversized
			Single Lane	Multi-Lane
Movement Prohibition -	R3-1h	2B.26	24 x 42	24 x 42	36 x 66	36 x 66	—	—
Multiple Times and Day
Mandatory Movement Lane Control	R3-5,5a	2B.28	30 x 36	30 x 36	—	—	—	—
Left Lane (plaque)	R3-5bP	2B.28	30 x 12	30 x 12	—	—	—	—
HOV 2+ (plaque)	R3-5cP	2B.28	24 x 12	24 x 12	—	—	—	—
Taxi Lane (plaque)	R3-5dP	2B.28	30 x 12	30 x 12	—	—	—	—
Right Lane (plaque)	R3-5fP	2B.28	30 x 12	30 x 12	—	—	—	—
Bus Lane (plaque)	R3-5gP	2B.28	30 x 12	30 x 12	—	—	—	—
Optional Movement Lane Control Thru and Turn	R3-6	2B.29	30 x 36	30 x 36	—	—	—	—
Optional Movement U and Left Turn	R3-6a	2B.29	30 x 36	30 x 36	—	—	—	—
Optional Movement Left Turns	R3-6b	2B.29	30 x 36	30 x 36	—	—	—	—
Right (Left) Lane Must Turn	R3-7	2B.28	30 x 30	36 x 36	48 x 48	—	—	48 x 48
Right (Left)
Except Buses (plaque)	R3-7aP	2B.28	24 x 12	24 x 12	—	—	—	—
Except Bicycles (plaque)	R3-7bP	2B.28	24 x 12	24 x 12	—	—	—	—
Advance Intersection Lane Control	R3-8,8a,8b, 8xa, 8xb,8xc	2B.30	Variesx30	Variesx 30	—	—	—	Varies x 36
Two-Way Left Turn Only (overhead)	R3-9a	2B.32	30 x 36	30 x 36	—	—	—	—
Two-Way Left Turn Only (post-mounted)	R3-9b	2B.32	24 x 36	24 x 36	—	—	—	36 x 48
Begin (plaque)	R3-9cP	2B.33	24 x 12	24 x 12	—	—	—	36 x 18
End (plaque)	R3-9dP	2B.33	24 x 12	24 x 12	—	—	—	36 x 18
Reversible Lane Control (overhead)	R3-9e	2B.34	108 x 48	108 x 48	—	—	—	—
Reversible Lane Control (post-mounted)	R3-9f	2B.34	30 x 42	36 x 54	—	—	—	—
Advance Reversible Lane Control	R3-9g,9h	2B.34	108 x 36	108 x 36	—	—	—	—
Transition
End Reverse Lane	R3-9i	2B.34	108 x 48	108 x 48	—	—	—	—
Lane For Left Turn Only	R3-19	2B.28	30 x 24	30 x 24	—	—	—	—
Lane for U Turn Only	R3-19a	2B.28	30 x 24	30 x 24	—	—	—	—
Lane For U and Left Turns Only	R3-19b	2B.28	30 x 30	30 x 30	—	—	—	—
Begin Right (Left) Turn Lane	R3-20	2B.28	24 x 36	24 x 36	—	—	—	—
All Turns (U-Turn) from Right Lane	R3-23,23a	2B.35	60 x 36	60 x 36	—	—	—	—
All Turns (U-Turn) Directional	R3-24,24b, 25,25b,26a	2B.35	72 x 18	72 x 18	—	—	—	—
U-Turns and Left Turns Directional	R3-24a,	2B.35	60 x 24	60 x 24	—	—	—	—
	25a,26
Right (Left) Lane Must Exit	R3-33	2B.31	—	—	78 x 36	78 x 36	—	—
Right (Left) Lane Must Exit	R3-33a	2B.31	—	—	42 x 60	42 x 60	—	—
Do Not Pass	R4-1	2B.36	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 48	48 x 60	18 x 24	36 x 48
Pass With Care	R4-2	2B.37	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 48	48 x 60	18 x 24	36 x 48
Slower Traffic Keep Right	R4-3	2B.38	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 48	48 x 60	18 x 24	36 x 48
Trucks Use Right Lane	R4-5	2B.38	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 48	48 x 60	—	36 x 48
Keep Right	R4-7,7a,7b	2B.39	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 48	48 x 60	18 x 24	36 x 48
Narrow Keep Right	R4-7c	2B.39	18 x 30	18 x 30	—	—	—	—
Keep Left	R4-8,8a,8b	2B.39	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 48	48 x 60	18 x 24	36 x 48
Narrow Keep Left	R4-8c	2B.39	18 x 30	18 x 30	—	—	—	—
Stay in Lane	R4-9	2B.40	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 48	48 x 60	18 x 24	36 x 48
Runaway Vehicles Only	R4-10	2B.41	48 x 48	48 x 48	—	—	—	—

Table 2B-1. Regulatory Sign and Plaque Sizes (Sheet 3 of 6)

Table 2B-1. Regulatory Sign and Plaque Sizes (Sheet 4 of 6)

Sign or Plaque	Sign Designation	Section	Conventional Road		Expressway	Freeway	Minimum	Oversized
			Single Lane	Multi-Lane
No Parking Except Electric Vehicles	R7-111	2B.52,	12 x 18	12 x 18	—	—	—	—
		2B.53
No Parking Except Electric Vehicles (part-time)	R7-111a	2B.52, 2B.53	12 x 18	12 x 18	—	—	—	—
Electric Vehicle Parking (time limit)	R7-112	2B.52,	12 x 18	12 x 18	—	—	—	—
		2B.53
Electric Vehicle Parking (time limit part-time)	R7-112a	2B.52, 2B.53	12 x 18	12 x 18	—	—	—	—
Electric Vehicle Parking (time limit	R7-112b	2B.52,	12 x 21	12 x 21	—	—	—	—
part-time)		2B.53
No Parking Except While Charging	R7-113	2B.52, 2B.53	12 x 18	12 x 18	—	—	—	—
Vehicle Must Be Plugged In (plaque)	R7-113aP	2B.52,	12 x 6	12 x 6	—	—	—	—
		2B.53
Vacate Stall When Charging Completed (plaque)	R7-113bP	2B.52, 2B.53	12 x 6	12 x 6	—	—	—	—
Vehicle Charging Only (time limit)	R7-114	2B.52,	12 x 18	12 x 18	—	—	—	—
		2B.53
Vehicle Charging Only (time limit, part-time)	R7-114a	2B.52, 2B.53	12 x 18	12 x 18	—	—	—	—
Vehicle Charging Only (time limit	R7-114b	2B.52,	12 x 21	12 x 21	—	—	—	—
part-time)		2B.53
No Parking/Restricted Parking (combined sign)	R7-200	2B.52, 2B.53	24 x 18	24 x 18	—	—	—	—
No Parking/Restricted Parking	R7-200a	2B.52,	12 x 36	12 x 36	—	—	—	—
(combined sign)		2B.53
	R7-201P,	2B.52,
Tow Away Zone (plaque)	201aP	2B.53	12 x 6	12 x 6	—	—	—	—
This Side of Sign (plaque)	R7-202P	2B.52,	12 x 6	12 x 6	—	—	—	—
		2B.53
Snow Emergency Route	R7-203	2B.52, 2B.53	18 x 24	18 x 24	—	—	—	24 x 30
No Parking on Pavement	R8-1	2B.52,	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 48	48 x 60	—	36 x 48
		2B.53
No Parking Except on Shoulder	R8-2	2B.52, 2B.53	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 48	48 x 60	—	36 x 48
No Parking (symbol)	R8-3	2B.52,	24 x 24	30 x 30	36 x 36	48 x 48	12 x 12	36 x 36
		2B.53
No Parking	R8-3a	2B.52, 2B.53	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 36	48 x 48	18 x 24	36 x 36
On Pavement	R8-3c	2B.52,	24 x 36	24 x 36	—	—	18 x 30	36 x 54
		2B.53
On Bridge	R8- 3d	2B.52, 2B.53	24 x 36	24 x 36	—	—	18 x 30	36 x 54
On Tracks	R8- 3e	2B.52,	24 x 36	24 x 36	—	—	18 x 30	36 x 54
		2B.53
Except on Shoulder	R8- 3f	2B.52, 2B.53	24 x 36	24 x 36	—	—	18 x 30	36 x 54
Emergency Parking Only	R8-4	2B.55	30 x 24	30 x 24	30 x 24	48 x 36	—	48 x 36
No Stopping on Pavement	R8-5	2B.53, 2B.54	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 48	48 x 60	—	36 x 48
		2B.53,						36 x 48
No Stopping Except on Shoulder	R8-6	2B.54	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 48	48 x 60	—
Emergency Stopping Only	R8-7	2B.55	30 x 24	30 x 24	48 x 36	48 x 36	—	48 x 36
Walk on Left Facing Traffic	R9-1	2B.56	18 x 24	18 x 24	—	—	—	—
Cross Only at Crosswalks	R9-2	2B.57	12 x 18	12 x 18	—	—	—	—
No Pedestrian Crossing (symbol)	R9-3	2B.57	18 x 18	18 x 18	24 x 24	30 x 30	—	30 x 30
No Pedestrian Crossing	R9-3a	2B.57	12 x 18	12 x 18	—	—	—	—

Table 2B-1. Regulatory Sign and Plaque Sizes (Sheet 5 of 6)

U- Turn Signal R10-10a No Turn on Red No Turn on Circular Red R10-11a No Turn on Red R10-11b No Turn on Red Except From Right R10-11c No Turn on Red From This Lane R10-11d Left Turn Yield on Green Left Turn Yield on Flashing Yellow Arrow R10-12a Left Turn Yield to Bicycle R10-12b Emergency Signal Emergency Signal - Stop on Flashing Red Emergency Signal - Stop on Flashing Red (overhead) R10-14a Stop Here on Flashing Red R10-14b Turning Vehicles Yield to Pedestrians R10-15a R10-17a Traffic Signal Photo Enforced R10-18a Photo Enforced (symbol plaque) Photo Enforced (plaque) R10-19aP MON—FRI (and times) (3 lines) R10-20aP SUNDAY (and times) (2 lines) (plaque) R10-20aP Crosswalk - Stop on Red Turning Vehicles Stop for U-Turn Yield to Right Turn Right on Red Arrow After Stop Traffic Laws Photo Enforced

Table 2B-1. Regulatory Sign and Plaque Sizes (Sheet 6 of 6)

Sign or Plaque	Sign Designation	Section	Conventional Road		Expressway	Freeway	Minimum	Oversized
			Single Lane	Multi-Lane
Stop on Red -Yield on Flashing Red After Stop	R10-23a	2B.59	24 x 30	24 x 30	—	—	—	—
Push Button For Warning Lights -	R10-25	2B.58	9 x 12	9 x 12	—	—	—	—
Wait for Gap in Traffic
Left Turn Yield on Flashing Red Arrow After Stop	R10-27	2B.59	30 x 36	30 x 36	—	—	—	—
XX Vehicles per Green								—
	R10-28	2B.61	24 x 30	24 x 30	—	—	—
XX Vehicles per Green Each Lane	R10-29	2B.61	36 x 24	36 x 24	—	—	—	—
Right Turn on Red Must	R10-30	2B.60	30 x 36	30 x 36	—	—	—	—
Yield to U-Turn
At Signal (plaque)	R10-31P	2B.59	24 x 9	24 x 9	—	—	—	—
Push Button for 2 Seconds for	R10-32P	2B.58	9 x 12	9 x 12	—	—	—	—
Extra Crossing Time
Keep Off Median	R11-1	2B.62	24 x 30	24 x 30	—	—	—	—
Road Closed	R11-2,2a,	2B.63	48 x 30	48 x 30	—	—	—	—
	2b,2c
Road Closed -Local Traffic Only	R11-3,3a, 3b,4	2B.63	60 x 30	60 x 30	—	—	—	—
Weight Limit	R12-1, 2	2B.64	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 48	—	—	36 x 48
Weight Limit -Axle, Gross	R12-4	2B.64	36 x 24	36 x 24	—	—	—	—
Weight Limit	R12-5	2B.64	24 x 36	24 x 36	36 x 48	48 x 60	—	—
Weight Limit -Specialized Hauling Vehicles	R12-6	2B.64	30 x 42	36 x 48	36 x 48	48 x 60	—	48 x 60
Weight Limit -Emergency Vehicles	R12-7	2B.64	30 x 36	30 x 36	48 x 60	48 x 60	—	48 x 60
Weight Limit -Emergency Vehicles (plaque)	R12-7aP	2B.64	30 x 30	30 x 30	48 x 48	48 x 48	—	48 x 48
								—
Weight Station	R13-1	2B.65	72 x 54	72 x 54	96 x 72	132 x 90	—
Truck Route	R14-1	2B.66	24 x 18	24 x 18	—	—	—	—
Hazardous Material	R14-2,3	2B.67	24 x 24	24 x 24	30 x 30	36 x 36	—	42 x 42
National Network	R14-4,5	2B.68	30 x 30	30 x 30	36 x 36	36 x 36	—	42 x 42
								84 x 60
Move Over or Reduce Speed	R16-3	2B.71	—	60 x 48	84 x 60	102 x 72	—
Minor Crashes Move Vehicles from	R16-4	2B.70	—	60 x 42	84 x 54	96 x 60	—	84 x 54
Travel Lanes
Lights On When Using Wipers	R16-5,6	2B.73	24 x 30	24 x 30	36 x 48	48 x 60	—	36 x 48
or Raining
Turn On Headlights Next XX Miles	R16-7	2B.73	60 x 18	60 x 18	96 x 30	132 x 36	—	96 x 30
Turn On, Check Headlights	R16-8,9	2B.73	42 x 18	42 x 18	60 x 30	78 x 36	—	60 x30
Begin, End Daytime Headlight Section	R16-10,11	2B.73	60 x 18	60 x 18	96 x 30	120 x 36	—	96 x 30
No Hand-Held Phone Use By Driver	R16-15	2B.72	—	—	72 x 48	72 x 48	—	—
No Hand-Held Phone Use By Driver	R16-15a	2B.72	30 x 42	30 x 42	—	—	—	—

* See Table 9A-1 for minimum size required for signs on bicycle facilities

** Refer to FHWA’s List of Known Errors for error in row with the R9-16 sign. Refer to Section 1A.04 for more details.

Notes: 1. Larger signs may be used when appropriate 2. Dimensions in inches are shown as width x height

Road Closed - Local Traffic Only Weight Limit - Axle, Gross Weight Limit - Specialized Notes: 1. Larger signs may be used when appropriate

• 2. Dimensions in inches are shown as width x height

Table 2B-1(CA). California Regulatory Sign and Plaque Sizes (Sheet 1 of 6)

Table 2B-1(CA). California Regulatory Sign and Plaque Sizes (Sheet 2 of 6)

Table 2B-1(CA). California Regulatory Sign and Plaque Sizes (Sheet 3 of 6)

Table 2B-1(CA). California Regulatory Sign and Plaque Sizes (Sheet 4 of 6)

Table 2B-1(CA). California Regulatory Sign and Plaque Sizes (Sheet 5 of 6)

Table 2B-1(CA). California Regulatory Sign and Plaque Sizes (Sheet 6 of 6)

Table 2B-2. Meanings of Symbols and Legends on Reversible Lane Control Signs

Symbol / Word Message	Meaning
Red X on white background	Lane closed
Upward-pointing black arrow on white background (if left turns are permitted, the arrow shall be modified to show left / through arrow)	Lane open for through travel and any turns not otherwise prohibited
Black two-way left-turn arrows on white background and legend ONLY	Lane may be used only for left turns in either direction
	(i.e., as a two-way left-turn lane)
Black single left-turn arrow on white background and legend ONLY	Lane may be used only for left turns in one direction (without opposing left turns in the same lane)

Table 2B-101(CA). Standard Application of Speed Limits per California Vehicle Code

Table 2B-102(CA). Standard Application of Speed Limits per California Vehicle Code

Speed	Determined by	Roadway Facility	CVC Section
15 to 60 mph	Caltrans	State highway, based on an E&TS where the limit of 65 mph is more than reasonable or safe	22354
15 to 60 mph	Local city council or county board of supervisors for Caltrans	State highway, local entities may conduct a public hearing on proposed increases or decreases, and the State Department of Transportation shall take into consideration the results of the public hearing	22354.5
30 to 65 mph	Local authority	Any street other than a state highway, by ordinance, may post a prima facie speed limit based on an E&TS where a speed > 25 mph would facilitate the orderly movement of vehicular traffic and would be reasonable and safe	22357
15 to 60 mph	Local authority	Any street other than a state highway, by ordinance, may post a prima facie speed limit based on an E&TS where the limit of 65 mph is more than is reasonable and safe	22358
20 to 50 mph for Trucks	State or local authority	Highways under their respective jurisdiction where 55 mph is more than is reasonable or safe for vehicles mentioned in CVC 22406 (Trucks and other large vehicles)	22407
Maximum Speed 55 mph	State or local authority	Two-lane, undivided highway Any highway when driving any of the following vehicles: Motortruck or truck tractor with > 3 axles Passenger vehicle or bus towing any other vehicle School bus transporting any school pupil A farm labor vehicle when transporting passengers A vehicle transporting explosives A trailer bus	22349.b & .c and 22406
Maximum Speed Limit of 65 mph	State or local authority	Any highway, posted at 65 mph based upon an E&TS, for vehicles not subject to CVC 22406	22349(a) & 22349
Maximum Freeway Speed Limit of 70 mph	Caltrans	Freeways, after consultation with the California Highway Patrol, based upon an E&TS, or upon the basis of appropriate design standards and projected traffic volumes in the case of newly constructed freeway segments, for vehicles not subject to CVC 22406	22356

Table 2B-103(CA). Examples Showing the Applicability of Rounding and Additional Speed

85 th- Percentile Speed (mph)			Rounding to the nearest 5 mph increment (CVC 22358.6(a))			If rounding to the nearest is up, may round down (CVC 22358.6(c))			If rounding to the nearest is down, it may additionally be lowered by 5 mph (CVC 22358.6(b))			If safety corridor or adjacent to high concentration of bicyclists & pedestrians, may additionally lower by 5 mph (CVC 22358.7)
	47.5-50.0			50			45			N/A			40
45.1-47.4			45			N/A			40			35
	42.5-45.0			45			40			N/A			35
40.1-42.4			40			N/A			35			30

Table 2B-104(CA). Safety Corridor Factors

Table 2B-105(CA). Generators of High Concentrations of Bicyclists or Pedestrians

Category	Generator
Land Use		Employment centers
	Presence of retail
		Parks, multi-use trails, and recreational destinations
	Schools/universities
		Senior Centers
	Cultural areas, entertainment space areas, or areas of community significance
		Religious facilities
	Health/medical facilities
Transit Factors		Transit stops
	Transit-Oriented Developments/Transit Priority Areas
Presence of Pedestrian/Bicyclist Infrastructure		Sidewalk presence
	Crosswalk presence
		Bikeway presence
	Nearby signalized intersections on four-way intersections
		Presence of micromobility devices such as bicycles or scooters
Demographic Factors	Presence of vulnerable groups, including children, seniors, persons with disabilities, users of personal assistive mobility devices, and the unhoused
		MPO/RTPA or locally defined disadvantaged community status
	Presence of students (all levels)
Local Data	Need identified in a safety analysis, such as a road safety audit or a formalized planning document, such as a local road safety plan